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Control of Heartbeat and Monitoring Blood Pressure

Control of Heartbeat and Monitoring Blood Pressure. Cambridge Regional College Unit 11 Physiology of Human Body Systems By: Molly Brooke. Learning objectives. Define heart rate, stroke volume & cardiac output List the main factors affecting blood pressure

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Control of Heartbeat and Monitoring Blood Pressure

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  1. Control of Heartbeat and Monitoring Blood Pressure Cambridge Regional College Unit 11 Physiology of Human Body Systems By: Molly Brooke

  2. Learning objectives • Define heart rate, stroke volume & cardiac output • List the main factors affecting blood pressure • Measure & accurately record heart rate & blood pressure, using equipment safely

  3. Control of Heartbeat – a review On your mini whiteboards, summarise what you remember about this!

  4. Challenge: can you write these as numeric equations? Definitions Heart rate = # beats minute • Heart rate: number of heartbeats per minute • Stroke volume: volume of blood (cm3) pumped by heart in 1 beat • Cardiac output: stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate gives the amount of blood (cm3) pumped by heart in 1 minute Stroke Volume = blood cm3 beat Cardiac Output = blood cm3 X # beats = blood beat minute minute

  5. Cardiac Output • Can be changed by a number of factors: • Cardiovascular centre in brain • Hormones e.g. adrenaline • Stretching of cardiac muscle

  6. Control of Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure Parasympathetic & sympathetic nerves to smooth muscle of arterioles

  7. What is the effect of exercise on cardiac output? Get out your calculators! 5,625 21,600

  8. Blood Pressure • Measured in blood vessels (artery) • Determined by cardiac output and resistance to flow of blood in vessels • Resistance to flow affected by diameter of blood vessels • Narrower vessels (vasoconstriction) • Wider vessels (vasodilation)

  9. Factors affecting blood pressure • Cardiovascular centre • Diameter of blood vessels controlled by stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves • Smoking • Nicotine causes vasoconstriction • Build up of fatty deposits in vessels • Diet • High fat diet leads to build up of fatty deposits in blood vessels • Adrenaline • Causes selective vasoconstriction & vasodilation • Increase in blood viscosity • Excess water loss (sweating/excessive urination)

  10. Diastolic and Systolic Pressure Definitions • Get out your mini-whiteboards • With your partner, write the definitions you researched for your homework • Share with the group!

  11. Recording blood pressure • Systolic blood pressure: • Maximum blood pressure • Occurs when ventricles are contracting (at the end of the cardiac cycle) • Diastolic blood pressure: • Minimum blood pressure • Occurs when ventricles are relaxed and filled with blood (at the beginning of the cardiac cycle) • We record blood pressure as: Systolic BP/Diastolic BP • e.g. 120/80 mm Hg • Diastolic pressure gives clearest indication of resistance to flow in blood vessels • Rough estimate of systolic BP is your age +100

  12. Systolic and Diastolic Pressure

  13. Measuring blood pressure Sphygmomanometer

  14. Finding your pulse Carotid artery Radial artery

  15. Challenge for Today! • Watch the demonstration of how to use the sphygmomanometer • In your lab book, record: • Your blood pressure three times and average the results • Your heart rate three times and average the results • Enter your results on the class spreadsheet

  16. Learning objectives • Define heart rate, stroke volume & cardiac output • List the main factors affecting blood pressure • Measure & accurately record heart rate & blood pressure, using equipment safely

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