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Explore how the thirteen colonies won independence and fought to preserve and expand republican government during the American Revolution. Learn about the political and economic challenges of the 1780s and how they were addressed.
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1775 1787 The American Revolution 1
MAIN THEMES • How the thirteen colonies were able to win American independence from the most powerful empire of the eighteenth century. • How the American Revolution was not simply a war for independence, but also a struggle to preserve and expand republican government on the state and national level. • The political and economic problems of the 1780s and how they were addressed.
MAJOR THEMES IN AMERICAN HISTORY WAR SLAVERY RELIGION PERIODS: COLONIAL REVOLUTIONARY ANTEBELLUM IMPERIALISM NATION BUILDING REVOLUTION INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION REFORM NATIVISM / RACISM
COMBATANTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION ANGLOAMERICAN Population: 3.5 million 250,000 Under Arms (5.7) AFRAMERICAN Pro British - 80,000 (took Refuge) Pro American - 5000 AMERINDIAN 50,000 Under Arms Pro British Iroquios Cherokee Pro American - Other
The War for Independence • The Second Phase: The Mid-Atlantic Region
The Battle of Yorktown Cornwallis 7500 Washington 2500 Rochambeau 4000 De Grasse 3000
The States United • Defining American War Aims • The Declaration of Independence • Mobilizing for War
THOMAS PAINE 1737-1809 1776 – Common Sense 1777 – American Crises 1792 – Rights of Man Background Deist Republican
Securing Aid from Abroad • Two Myths • Washington • Franklin
War and Society • Loyalists and Minorities Tarring and Feathering (Library of Congress)
War and Society • The War Economy • Blockades • Privateers • Types of Participation • Militia • Regulars • Losers • Amerindians • British • Taxpayers
The Creation of State Governments • The Assumptions of Republicanism • The First State Constitutions • Limited Executive Powers • Increased Suffrage • Revising State Governments • Constitutional Conventions • Powerful Governors • Toleration and Slavery
The Search for a National Government • The Confederation • No standing Army • No regulation of Trade • No Taxation
The Search for a National Government • The Confederation • No standing Army • No regulation of Trade • No Taxation • The Confederation and the Northwest • Land Ordinance of 1785 • Debts, Taxes, and Daniel Shays • National Debt • “Continental Impost” • Diplomatic Failures • No British evacuation
Debating the Past: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
TIMELINE: THE REVOLTING 19TH CENTURY 1775-1783 – American Revolution 1786-1787 – Shay’s rebellion 1789 -Outbreak of French Revolution 1794 – Whiskey Rebellion 1792-1812 – Amerindian Nativist Revolts 1794 – 1804 - The Haitian Revolution 1808 – Latin American Wars of Independence begin with the French conquest of Spain