Presentation on outcomes of larval fish study Family Carangidae Family Leiognathidae

1. Presentation on outcomes of larval fish study Family Carangidae Family Leiognathidae Family Nemipteridae by Sasanti R. Suharti

2. CARANGIDAE Carangidae has large and diverse family. Morphology of larvae Mostly compresed body, and many species become deeper with growth, have 24-26 myomeres. Gut is initially straight but become coiled with growth. Anus located at the mid of body. Head shape varies among species but usually moderate to large and roundly triangular. Snout is short to moderate and become triangular to blunt in the late stage. Round eyes from moderate to large. Two series of spines forms on the preopercle. The spines at the posterior are the larger. All carangids have a supraoccipetal crest since the early stage but varies in size and shape. A low to very low supraocular ridge forms in late preflexion larvae and it disappear with growth in some taxa (e.g. carangoides) Pigment in carangid larvae varies, but mostly light pigmented. A series of melanophores on the dorsal and ventral midlines of the trunk or tail and midlaterally on trunk and tail. Pigment usually occurs on the snout and brain, along the lower jaw, over the gas bladder, and on the notochord tip. In postflexion larvae, pigments spread abruptly in some species and more gradually in others. General tendency is a more or less blotchy

3. Deep body Family: Carangidae Subfamily: Species Name: Carangidae (deep body) Sampling Position: West Kalimantan Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: Post flexion (early) Measurements: Body Length (SL) 4.4 mm, (TL) 5.5 mm Head Length 1.55 mm ED 0.6 mm Counts: D: VIII+I,18 A: II+I, 18 SnL 0.85 mm P1: 20 P2: I,5 PAL 2.65 mm C: 9+8 BD 1.85 mm Myomeres: 10+14

4. Deep body: Type 1 SL: 4.3 mm TL: 6.1 mm Stage : Flexion

5. Deep Body: Type 2 SL: 4.9 mm TL: 6.0 mm Stage : Flexion

6. Deep Body: Type 3 SL : 4.1 mm TL : 5.5 mm Stage : early flexion

7. Family: Carangidae Subfamily: Species Name: Selar sp. Sampling Position: West Kalimantan Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: Post flexion Measurements: Body Length (SL) 6.76 mm, (TL) 8.19 mm Head Length 2.21 mm ED 0.78 mm SnL 0.52 mm Counts : D: VIII+I, 24 A: II+I, 19 PAL 2.73 mm P1: 20 P2: I,5 BD 2.47 mm C: 9+8 Myomeres: 10+14 :

8. Selar sp. SL: 3.2 TL: 3.9 mm, F SL: 2.97 TL: 3.3 mm , PF

9. Decapterus sp. SL: 5.6 mm, TL: 6.9 mm SL: 3.8 mm, TL: 4.75 mm SL: 6.5 mm, TL: 9.0 mm

10. Other type of Carangidae • Pigmentation on dorsal and ventral margin of body • A Each pigment of dorsal margin: large and # varies (7-8) • B Each pigment of dorsal margin: small and # varies > 8 • C Each pigment of dorsal margin: tiny and # varies (7-8) • D Each pigment of dorsal margin: somewhat large and small number of pigments • Two blotches of pigmen in dorsal margine of body • Only one blotch of pigment in dorsal margin of body

11. LEIOGNATHIDAE LEIOGNATHIDAE Larvae are moderate to deep, strongly compressed laterally. Some species become deeper with growth. Myomere 23-25. Gut coiled. Anus located anterior of the body. Head is moderate to large, initially deeply with steep. Mouth is small, blunt and concave but become pointed with growth. The mouth is protusible. Eye is round, moderate to large size. This family has preopercular spines and serrate supraoccipetal crest. A supraocular ridge form in preflexion and become smaller and reduces in size with growth. A small spine separates from supraocular ridge anteriorly namely antero-orbital spine Pigmentation Lightly pigmented. Ventral pigment along the midline of the tail is more pronounce in the early stage. Melanophores are also occur over the gut and often on the ventral midline of the gut and the cleithral symphysis. As growth pigment appears on the brain, angle of the lower jaw, pectoral fin base, caudal vertebrae, caudal fin rays bases, trunk and tail.

12. Family: Leiognathidae Subfamily: Species Name: Sampling Position: West Kalimantan Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: Post flexion Measurements: Body Length (SL) 5.2 mm, (TL) 6.63 mm Head Length 2.73 mm Counts: ED 0.78 mm D: VIII,16 A: III,14 SnL 0.52 mm P1: 17 P2: I,5 PAL 2.34 mm C: 9 + 8 Myomeres: 24 BD 3.12 mm

13. SL: 2.48, TL: 3.1 mm SL: 2.48, TL: 2.97 mm SL: 6.9, TL: 8.2 mm SL: 5.7, TL: 6.8 mm

14. NEMIPTERIDAE Nemiperid larvae have moderate depth, laterally compressed and have 23-24 myomeres. The gut is relatively small and tightly coiled. The position of anus is near midbody. The head is moderate to large with steeply sloped, short rounded snout. The mouth is small and reaches to the anterior edge of the eye. Very limited head spination, most species have none, if present it forms late and weak. Pigmentation Many tiny evently spaced melanophores extending along the entire ventral midline of the tail (about two per myomere). Pigment generally occurs on the dorsal surface of the gas bladder, just anterior to the anus, and ventrally on the gut. With growth a few melanophores occurs along the anal base and several ventrally on the caudal peduncle. In some species melanophores may form on the brain.

15. Family: Nemipteridae Subfamily: Species Name: Sampling Position: West Kalimantan, Indonesia Sampling Gear: Bongo net Stage: Post flexion Measurements: Body Length(SL) 7.8 mm Head Length 2.6 mm Count ED 1.04 mm D: X,9 A:III,7 SnL 0.65 mm P1: 15 P2: I,5 PAL 4.29 mm C: 9+8 Myomeres:24 BD 2.21 mm

16. Type 1: Melanophores along the ventral midline of the tail not too dense SL: 3.15 mm, TL: 3.6 SL: 1.825 mm, TL: 2.1 mm SL: 5.2 mm, TL: 6.9 mm SL: 4.5 mm, TL: 1.85

17. Type 2 : Tiny evently dense melanophores along the entire ventral midline of the tail SL: 2.83 mm, TL: 3.40 mm SL: 1.55 mm, TL: 1.85 mm SL: 4.8 mm, TL: 6 mm SL: 4.1 mm, TL: 4.6 mm

18. Khob Khun Kha