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CELLS

CELLS. Chapter 3. Nine important landmarks distinguish eukaryotic cells. 1. The Nucleus. The nucleus is the largest and most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells The nucleus has two primary functions: 1. 2. 1. The Nucleus. Nucleolus Chromatin. 1. The Nucleus.

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS Chapter 3

  2. Nine important landmarks distinguish eukaryotic cells

  3. 1. The Nucleus • The nucleus is the largest and most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells • The nucleus has two primary functions: • 1. • 2.

  4. 1. The Nucleus • Nucleolus • Chromatin

  5. 1. The Nucleus • Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) • 2 bilayers • Nuclear pores

  6. 2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton

  7. 2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton • Cytosol: • Cytoplasm:

  8. 2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton • Cilia •  Flagella

  9. 2. Cytoplasm & Cytoskeleton

  10. 3. Mitochondria • energy converters • consume most of the oxygen used by each cell

  11. 3. Mitochondria - Endosymbiosis

  12. 4. Lysosomes • digest and recycle

  13. 4. Lysosomes

  14. 4. Lysosomes • ~ 50 different digestive enzymes and a super-acidic, corrosive fluid

  15. 4. Lysosomes – Tay-Sachs Disease • Result of malfunctioning lysosomes

  16. Which cellular component would be responsible for the classic shape of a red blood cell? Nucleus Cytoskeleton Lysosome Mitochondria

  17. Endomembrane System • smooth endoplasmic reticulum • rough endoplasmic reticulum • golgi apparatus

  18. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum • cells build proteins and disarm toxins

  19. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) • completely surrounds the nucleus (usually)

  20. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) • Primary function: • example: poisonous frogs

  21. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)

  22. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) • no ribosomes • synthesizes lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids

  23. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) • detoxifying enzymes • alcohol, antibiotics, barbiturates, amphetamines • toxic metabolic waste products produced in our bodies • in cells that are exposed to large amounts of drugs

  24. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) • plasma cells in the blood that produce immune system proteins for export • pancreas cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes

  25. 5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth) • detoxification enzymes.

  26. Which cells below would have the smoothest endoplasmic reticulum? Kidney cells Kidney cells of an alcoholic Liver cells Liver cells of an alcoholic

  27. 6. Golgi Apparatus • notinterconnected • packages synthesized molecules • carbohydrate synthesis,

  28. 6. Golgi Apparatus • bud from the endoplasmic reticulum • ~ 4 successive chambers , molecules get passed from one to the next

  29. 7. Cell Wall • Made from polysaccharides, including cellulose

  30. 7. Cell Wall • ~100 times thicker than plasma membrane, • plasmodesmata:

  31. 8. Vacuoles • found in plant cells, also protists, fungi, and animals • five different areas of plant life • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

  32. 8. Vacuoles • Nutrient storage: • Waste management: • Predator deterrence: • Sexual reproduction:

  33. 8. Vacuoles • Physical support: • turgorpressure

  34. 9. Chloroplast • all plants and eukaryotic algae • site of photosynthesis

  35. 9. Chloroplast • Circular DNA • Dual outer membrane • Endosymbiosis theory

  36. Which answer below is not found in a eukaryotic cell? Cell wall DNA without membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplast Lysosome

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