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Ch. 5.1 Genetics and Punnett Squares

Ch. 5.1 Genetics and Punnett Squares. 1. heredity. - passing of traits from parents to offspring. - different forms of a trait that a gene may have. 2. alleles. - study of how traits are inherited through interactions of alleles. 3. genetics. 4. alleles during meiosis.

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Ch. 5.1 Genetics and Punnett Squares

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  1. Ch. 5.1 Genetics and Punnett Squares

  2. 1. heredity - passing of traits from parents to offspring - different forms of a trait that a gene may have 2. alleles - study of how traits are inherited through interactions of alleles 3. genetics

  3. 4. alleles during meiosis - alleles are separated during meiosis so every sex cell has one allele per trait 5. Gregor Mendel • Father of genetics • studied pea plants and determined how traits • are passed from parents to offspring

  4. take 2 plants that express different traits- results should show trait from one parent • new plant is called a hybrid 6. To “cross” genetics 7. hybrid - offspring that received different alleles for a trait from each parent

  5. 8. purebred - an organism that produces the same trait generation after generation 9. dominant • the trait that dominates or covers up another trait • shown with capital letters • example- tall plants TT

  6. the trait that disappears • shown with lower case letters • example- short plants tt 10. recessive 11. probability - the likeliness for a trait to be dominant or recessive

  7. 12. genotype • genetic makeup • cannot be seen- uppercase and lowercase letters 13. phenotype • the way an organism looks or behaves • can be predicted by genotype

  8. 1. Punnett Square • a tool used to determine probability of a trait • Example: Female T T t Tt Tt t Tt Tt Male - These “letters” represent a genetic code which allows you to know what traits you offspring possess.

  9. TT = dominant/dominant • Tt= dominant/recessive • tt = recessive/recessive 2. Genotypes: 3. Results of crossing tall with short plant: • probability of tall plant 4/4 or 100% • genotype: dominant/recessive • phenotype: tall

  10. 4. Examples to try: • Female TT male Tt • Female Tt male Tt • Female tt male Tt

  11. 5. homozygous • alleles are the same • examples: TT or tt 6. heterozygous • alleles are different • example: Tt

  12. 7. Examples: One dog carries heterozygous, black fur traits, and its mate carries the homozygous blonde fur trait which is recessive. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of offspring having black fur. B) In peas, the color yellow is dominant to the color green. If I mate two heterozygous parents, what are the probabilities for purebred yellow, purebred green, and D/r yellow?

  13. 8. 3 Principles to Heredity Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes. An allele’s effect is dominant or recessive. When a pair of chromosomes separates in meiosis, different alleles for a trait move to different sex cells.

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