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American Industrial Hygiene Conference Atlanta, Georgia

American Industrial Hygiene Conference Atlanta, Georgia. PO135 Exposure Assessment Strategies II May 13, 2004. The Relationship Between Several Variables and Benzene Exposures in the Maritime Industry. Frank M Parker, III, CIH T Gerry Luther, OHST Ronald G Conrad, CIH (1936-1997).

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American Industrial Hygiene Conference Atlanta, Georgia

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  1. American Industrial Hygiene ConferenceAtlanta, Georgia PO135 Exposure Assessment Strategies II May 13, 2004

  2. The Relationship Between Several Variables and Benzene Exposures in the Maritime Industry Frank M Parker, III, CIH T Gerry Luther, OHST Ronald G Conrad, CIH (1936-1997) Environmental, Health and Safety Management www.calicheltd.com Magnolia,Texas fparker3@caliche.com AIHce, May 13, 2004

  3. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • US Coast Guard Regulations • “No person may be subject to a personal exposure in excess of the permissible exposure limits unless respiratory protection is used”.[46 CFR 197.520] AIHce, May 13, 2004

  4. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • USCG Permissible Exposure Limits • Action Level [AL]: • 0.5 ppm [8 hr. TWA]; • Time Weighted Average [TWA]: • 1 ppm [8 hr. TWA] ; and • Short Term Exposure Level [STEL]: • 5 ppm [15 min]. AIHce, May 13, 2004

  5. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • US Coast Guard Monitoring Criteria • Applies to US registered vessels only; • Cargos containing less than 0.5% benzene are exempt from monitoring; • For Cargos containing >0.5% [5,000 ppm]: • Repeat Monitoring each July or August; and • “monitoring must be conducted under those weather conditions that will maximize benzene exposure such as low wind, stable air, and high temperature” AIHce, May 13, 2004

  6. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • Hypotheses: • Transferring cargos: • containing <0.5% does not result in exposures > PEL; • containing >0.5% results in exposures > PEL; • In July & August results in exposures > PEL; and • During low wind, stable air, and high temperatures results in exposures > PEL. AIHce, May 13, 2004

  7. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • Simply Put: • Is there any correlation between: • Benzene concentration in the cargo [%]; • Low wind [mph]; • Stable air [?]; • High Temperature [0F] And employee exposure concentrations? AIHce, May 13, 2004

  8. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • Database Summary: • 1992 – 2003 • 50 ships & 14 barges • 64 loading and 32 off loading operations; • Location: • Gulf of Mexico [59] • Atlantic [14] • Pacific [21] • Red Sea [1] • North Sea [1] AIHce, May 13, 2004

  9. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • Database Summary [Cont.] • Number of Samples: • TWA – 1494 • STEL – 542 • Cargo - 132 • Methodology • Air: 3M-3500 OVM Badges / NIOSH 1500/1501 • Liquid: GC AIHce, May 13, 2004

  10. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Benzene Concentrations in Cargos [%] AIHce, May 13, 2004

  11. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables AIHce, May 13, 2004

  12. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables AIHce, May 13, 2004

  13. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation= -0.32 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  14. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation= -0.41 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  15. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = 0.05 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  16. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = 0.11 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  17. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = -0.01 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  18. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = 0.07 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  19. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = -0.14 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  20. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = 0.01 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  21. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = 0.003 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  22. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables Correlation = 0.02 AIHce, May 13, 2004

  23. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables AIHce, May 13, 2004

  24. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • Conclusions: • There is substantially no correlation between benzene content of cargo, July and August, wind speed, stable air, or temperature and worker benzene exposure concentrations. • % Transfers Exceeding Standards: • USCG – TWA = 15.6%; STEL = 20.8% • ACGIH TLV – TWA = 31.2%; STEL = 41.7% AIHce, May 13, 2004

  25. Benzene Exposures vs. Variables • Research Needs: • OVM, or other simple technology, that will allow us to perform STEL (15 minutes) measurements at a 1ppm detection level. • A hand held, real time monitoring instrument, that will measure benzene in a multi chemical environment. AIHce, May 13, 2004

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