Engaging in broadband policy and regulatory processes Preparing a policy proposal

1. Engaging in broadband policy and regulatory processesPreparing a policy proposal SujataGamage, PhD, MPA Hotel JalMahal, Pokhara, 16-19 February 2019

2. Heading • Policy issue (Problem) • Recommendation (Solution) • Evidence • Name/Affiliation/Contact information • (in 1-page document and 7 min presentation) Components of a policy proposal

3. Components of a policy proposal-details Primary Data Census Representative sample (Descriptive statistics/Inferential statistics) Focus groups (Narrative synthesis)

4. Search for prior work/research using key words • Analyze and Synthesize prior work in terms of Problem/Solution (Intervention/Population/Outcome) • Develop a solution applicable to your context, based on the synthesis • Check for the validity of your solution through a ‘Theory of Change’ analysis • Present your solution using your synthesis and other evidence to support you argument Preparing A policy proposal

5. Search for prior work/research using key words • Analyze and Synthesize prior work in terms of Problem/Solution (Intervention/Population/Outcome) • Develop a solution applicable to your context, based on the synthesis • Check for the validity of your solution through a ‘Theory of Change’ analysis • Present your solution using your synthesis and other evidence to support you argument Preparing A policy proposal

6. Searching for prior work/research Search Screen (relevant from irrelevant) Assess (good quality from bad) Synthesize

7. Sources of literature Academic Journals Scholar.google.com (for a preliminary search) Electronic search of Bibliographic databases (Education: EBSCO. ProQuest, ERIC; includes dissertation abstracts) Hand search journal publishers’ web pages or key journals Citation searches of key authors/papers Reference lists of key authors/papers and Grey literature Google.com Scholar.google.com Reports from key web sites (Govt/NGO/IGO reports) Personal contacts Direct requests to key informants Other Grey literature

8. Result for Google search with “ Broadband Nepal” Broadband internet service across Nepal 'in two years' - Money - The ... kathmandupost.ekantipur.com › Money › Post Report Jun 11, 2017 - The government has expedited process of connecting the entire nation with broadbandinternet service within two years. The move is in line ... Nationwide broadband service by 2020 - The Himalayan Times https://thehimalayantimes.com/business/nationwide-broadband-service-by-2020/ Jun 28, 2015 - KATHMANDU, June 27: If things go as per plan, broadband service will ... NepalTelecommunications Authority (NTA) made it public recently. [PDF] NEPAL: Broadband Internet infrastructure and international ... https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Nepal%20presentation_0.pdf Snr Advisor, Computer Association of Nepal manohar_kb@wlink.com.np. NEPAL: Broadband Internet infrastructure and international connectivity: status and ...

9. Assessing & Synthesizing Prior Work or Research

10. Primary Experimental Observational Action Secondary (Documents/Interviews) Supply side (WB, ITU, Census) Demand side (User surveys) Types of data

11. Inferential statistics Effect sizes Regression coefficients Other Descriptive statistics Tables, bar charts, pies Narrative synthesis With descriptive statistics Using categories/Themes Using frameworks Other Data Analysis

12. A diary or a poem can be synthesized into a graphic [It was the twenty-eighth of November. The grand army had two whole days and nights in which to effect the crossing, and it should have been too late for the Russians to do any harm. But chaos reigned in our midst … an immense confused mass of men, horses and vehicles besieged the narrow entrances to the bridges [at xxx] and began to flow over them. ……………………… Diary of Philippe-Paul de Ségur, 1813

13. Figurative Map of the Successive Loss of Men of the French Army in the Russian Campaign , 1812-1813 by CJ Minard

14. A hypothetical data sheet behind the Figurative Map

15. Figurative Map of the Successive Loss of Men of the French Army in the Russian Campaign , 1812-1813 by CJ Minard

16. Coding the literature • Qualitative Information to Quantitative analysis • Narratives to Analytical Narratives • Literature search to a review paper

17. Isaac Holeman, Tara Patricia Cookson, and Claudia Pagliari(2016). Digital technology for health sector governance in low and middle income countries: a scoping review J Glob Health. 2016 Dec; 6(2): 020408. Published online 2016 Sep 7. doi: 10.7189/jogh.06.020408; PMCID: PMC5017033; PMID: 27648255 EXample

18. How to use Mobile phones and other Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to promote transparency, accountability and public participation in the context of LMIC health care? problem

19. Theory of change Rural/Urban Male /female Low/Middle/Upper income Able/disable Digital literate • Iry OUTCOMES • Learning • Information • Jobs • Business opportunities • Independence • Entertainment • Engaged citizens • INTERNET ACCESS • Affordable/Free • Quality • Usefulness • Ease of use • Safe 3G/4G signal Wi-Fi Routers Smart Phones Laptop/Tabs Services Apps Law Subsidies Program (gov) Program (PPP) Individuals Households Institutions* Public places** Factors affecting outcome • IIry OUTCOMES • Less corruption • Assignment • Affordable broadband of adequate quality throughout Nepal • Services and applications that are of value to Nepali users • Measures to enhance and assure trust and security • Free WiFi in locations such as government hospitals and offices, with particular attention paid to needs of the disabled • Formation of skilled users • Using smartphones to support independent living by disabled citizens

20. Relevant studies were identified through: Iterative Internet searches (Google, Google Scholar) Systematic search of academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science) Social media crowdsourcing (targeted LinkedIn and Twitter appeals) Reference lists and websites of relevant organizations. Parallel expert interviews helped to verify concepts and emerging findings and identified additional studies for inclusion. method

21. We identified: 34 articles from a wide range of disciplines and sectors, including 17 published research articles and 17 grey literature reports. 15 case reports that reflected the review’s iteratively refined focus on good governance, rather than management or leadership. results

23. You want to develop a policy proposal to increase efficiency and reduce corruption in the health sector in Nepal. What policy or program would you propose? Which of the case studies would you use o support your proposal? Do a narrative synthesis of Holeman et al’s work to answer the questions Assignment

24. 15 distinct ways of using ICTs for good governance activities in LMIC health care. These use cases clustered into four conceptual categories: Gathering and verifying information on services to improve transparency and auditability Aggregating and visualizing data to aid communication and decision making Mobilizing citizens in reporting poor practices to improve accountability and quality and Automating and auditing processes to prevent fraud. conclusion

25. Search for prior work/research using key words • Analyze and Synthesize prior work in terms of Problem/Solution (Intervention/Population/Outcome) • Develop a solution applicable to your context, based on the synthesis • Check for the validity of your solution through a ‘Theory of Change’ analysis • Present your solution using your synthesis and other evidence to support you argument Preparing A policy proposal

26. Thank you

27. IPOs and the Theory of Change A Framework Attributes of the population POPULATION SECONDARY OUTCOME PRIMARY OUTCOME INTERVENTION INPUT OUTPUT Factors affecting outcome • Assignment • Affordable broadband of adequate quality throughout Nepal • Services and applications that are of value to Nepali users • Measures to enhance and assure trust and security • Free WiFi in locations such as government hospitals and offices, with particular attention paid to needs of the disabled • Formation of skilled users • Using smartphones to support independent living by disabled citizens