PENING

3. PENING low the Shofar 3 3 3 3

4. PENING Why do we blow the Shofar? Exodus 19:16 “On the morning of the third day there was thunder and lightning, with a thick cloud over the mountain, and there was the sounding of a very loud SHOFAR blast. Everyone in the camp trembled.” Because this is the way G-D begins sacred assemblies 4 4 4 4

5. abbath Lighting Baruch Attaw Adoni Elohaynu Melech Ha Olam Asher kidshanu bimitzvotav venatanu lechad likner shell Shabbat 5 5 5 5 5

6. HEMA ISRAELHear oh Israel Shema Israel Adoni Elohaynu (Hear oh Israel the L-RD our G-D) Adoni Echad (The L-RD is one) 6 6 6 6 6

7. hy do we recite/sing the SHEMA? Because Messiah said it was the greatest Commandment Mark 12:28-29 28 And one of the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that He had answered them well, asked Him, “Which is the greatest commandment of all?” 29 And Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord:” 7 7 7 7 7

8. e-nay Ma TovBehold how good - Psalm 133:1Am He-Nay Maw tove Behold how good Oo-maw nye—eem And how pleasant it is Shevet aw-heem For brothers to dwell Gum Yaw Hawd In unity 8 8 8

9. menCL 3A A-men ….A-men….A-men, A-men, A-men Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Baw-rouk Ha-Shem, Blessed be the Name, blessed be the Name Baw-rouk Ha-Shem Me-she-ach Blessed be the Name of Messiah 9 9 9

10. -Seh ShalomCL3 Play Em Em O-seh Shalom Beem rue-mawv Am D7 G Em Who yah-seh Shalom aw-lay-nu Am D7 G V'al kol Yees-raw-ale Em Am Em Bf7 Em B'-eem rue Eem rue Ah- main  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Em Am D7 G Ya-a-seh sha-lom Ya-a-seh sha-lom G Bf7 Em Shalom aw-lay-new V’al kol Yees-raw-ale Sing twice 2X 10 10 10

11. ring our gifts to the altar We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise We Bring Our Sacrifice With Praise Unto the House of the LORD (2 X) And we offer unto Him Our sacrifices with thanksgiving And we offer unto Him Our sacrifices with joy 11

12. eview It was called the “Oral” Law because it was passed down from generation to generation orally. But it was never designed to be binding!

13. eview Yeshua called the Mishna “The traditions of the Elders”. These traditions are “fences” around the Torah put there as a guard for protection for us. Yeshua even quotes from the Rabbis of the Mishna including Rabbi Hillel. We have to remember that Yeshua Himself said “Do as the Pharisees say”.

14. eview The Mishna is a commentary on the Torah and the Gamara is a commentary on the Mishna. Together, they make up the Talmud.

15. eview The Talmud is not without it’s faults. There are inaccurate facts/data and even moral problems with some of it’s writers.

16. eview We talked about some of the Rabbis of the Mishna like Rabbi Hillel, Rabbi Gamaliel and Rabbi Eliezer (who was more then likely a Believer in Yeshua). We also learned that the word Talmud comes from the word “study” or “learn” in Hebrew.

17. eview We also learned that there are 2 Talmuds. The Jerusalem Talmud and the Babylonian Talmud. And the man who put together the Babylonian Talmud was Judah HaNasi. (In Talmud 101 class 9 we discuss the Jerusalem Talmud)

18. eview The Mishna has 6 Sederim (Seder = Orders) or books and they have tractates or essays within each order.

19. eview Then we studied about the Nazerite vow in tractate Nazir of the Talmud. We learned there was a life long vow and a temporary vow that couldn’t be under 30 days. We also looked at a few Biblical Characters who took the vow like Samuel and Samson as well as their mothers.

20. eview We read some New Testament passages that showed the vow being kept by Believers AFTER the death and resurrection of Yeshua. That in turn leads us to the conclusion that it can also be kept today.

21. his Class In this class we’re going to look at tractate Sanhedrin. We’ll find out what information it has concerning the trial of Yeshua. We’ll also look into the origin of the word “Sanhedrin”.

22. his Class We’ll find out who made up the people within the Sanhedrin We’ll clear up many misconceptions put forth by ongoing commentarial discussions and Christian Theologians concerning the Sanhedrin. Also we’ll look in particular at execution by stoning.

23. Talmud 101 class 4 • So, let’s look at Tractate Sanhedrin in the Talmud. It’s the 4th tract in the fourth of the 6 orders (Nezikin or Damages)

24. Talmud 101 class 4 • There is a wealth of information in this particular tractate that concerns criminal law in the first century. • This will shed light on the trial of Yeshua.

25. Talmud 101 class 4 • But before we look into that let’s look at what the Sanhedrin actually was. • In Hebrew it is called “Beth Din HaGadol” (The Great Court) literally house judgment the big

26. Talmud 101 class 4 • Most think that the word “Sanhedrin” comes from the Greek “Synedrion” meaning “sitting together” or “council”, συνέδριον

27. Talmud 101 class 4 סנהדרין But it’s possible it came from the Hebrew Seen (meaning the Torah) and Hadrin meaning glorification. Basically translated as the Glorification of G-d’s Torah

28. Talmud 101 class 4 Originally the Sanhedrin was made up only of Sadducees, but by the second temple period, due to queen Alexandra’s (139–67 BCE) interference (because her brother was a Pharisee), the Pharisees were also allowed admission.

29. Talmud 101 class 4 • Through various times the power shifted from the Sadducees to the Pharisees and back again etc. • But at the time of Yeshua, the Pharisees held more power then the Sadducees according to Dr. Ray Pritz of the Hebrew University.

30. Talmud 101 class 4 • There were many Sanhedrin's but only one Great Sanhedrin. • You needed 23 members to make up a Sanhedrin according to Jewish law • there was a Sanhedrin in every major city in Israel. • The great Sanhedrin had 71 members

31. Talmud 101 class 4 • Now, many publications will say that there’s different accounts concerning the Sanhedrin. • One from the new testament and one from the Talmud and that they are “fragmentary contradictory, and often obscure”. Thus says Encyclopedia Britannica

32. Talmud 101 class 4 • But the fact is, they are in agreement. It is the Encyclopedia Britannica and like publications that are confused. • They’re confused because of their theology which is based on a negative Greek depiction of Jews and Yeshua’s relation to the Jews of His time. Of course it’s not going to fit together!

33. Talmud 101 class 4 • If you try to pit Yeshua against the Jews, you wont even be able to reconcile the New Testament with the New Testament not even a verse with another verse in the same chapter! • Not understanding Yeshua as a Jew will ALWAYS lead to confusion and the theology following will be nothing more then rubbish.

34. Talmud 101 class 4 • The Sanhedrin was formed based on God command to Moses in • Numbers 11:16 "Assemble for Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the people's elders and officers, and you shall take them to the Tent of Meeting, and they shall stand there with you."

35. Talmud 101 class 4 Why does the Book of Numbers say 70 people and the Sanhedrin was 71? 2 reasons…

36. Talmud 101 class 4 1: G-d was talking to Moses and Moses was number 71 2: You needed an odd number for a majority vote. Even though it was a theocracy in the time of Moses they still had to judge matters. Same as a monarchy, the King didn’t decide every single matter.

37. Talmud 101 class 4 • They met (translated into the time we use today) from 9am. to 4pm. (tractate Sanhedrin in the Mishna). • We will find this of consequence also when considering Yeshua’s trial.

38. Talmud 101 class 4 • The Sanhedrin never convened on Sabbaths or religious holidays including Pasach (Passover). This can be found in the Talmud, tractate Beitzah • An interval of 24 hours must elapse before the conclusion of the testimony and the rendering of a verdict. This is also found in tractate Sanhedrin.

39. Talmud 101 class 4 • Before the temple was destroyed, they only met in the chamber of hewn stone (Gazith), no where else. We want to keep this in mind. Underground archaeological excavations near the Western Wall.

40. Talmud 101 class 4 In an emergency situation they would meet at a tomb in Shech Jarah in Jerusalem (not in the tomb itself but close to it)

41. Talmud 101 class 4 • Also remember, the Sanhedrin arrived at verdicts based on a majority rule. • One last law we want to look at is the fact that under Jewish Law, in order to be found guilty of blasphemy one must have uttered the name “Yehova”.

42. Talmud 101 class 4 Shaul kneeling before Ananias This particular law very well may have been what Paul stood behind when he was killing Believers before his conversion.

43. Talmud 101 class 4 Acts 26:9-11, Paul explains to King Agrippa: "I truly thought with myself that I ought to do many things contrary to the Name of the Mashiach of Nazareth. And this I also did in Yerushaliyim: and I both shut up many of the saints in prisons, having received authority from the chief priests, and WHEN THEY WERE PUT TO DEATH I GAVE MY VOTE AGAINST THEM. And punishing them constantly in the synagogues, I STROVE TO MAKE THEM BLASPHEME; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even to foreign cities."

44. Talmud 101 class 4 Archeological Remains in Corinth Later we see him charged with the same offense. Paul was taken by the Jews of Achaia, and they wanted him dead so they brought him to the Roman proconsul Gallio. Gallio was a Pagan and must’ve thought they were insane when he heard the reason they were so angry, and he said:

45. Talmud 101 class 4 (Acts 18:14,15). "If indeed it was an act of injustice or reckless evil, you Jewish men, according to reason, I would bear with you; BUT if it be a question concerning a WORD, or NAMES, and that law which is among YOU, see you to it, for I will be no judge of these things."

46. Talmud 101 class 4 So how do all these facts relate to Yeshua's “trial”. Well, let’s read the passage that concerns this…

47. Talmud 101 class 4 • Mark 14:53-65 • 53They took Jesus to the high priest, and all the chief priests, elders and teachers of the law came together. 54Peter followed him at a distance, right into the courtyard of the high priest. There he sat with the guards and warmed himself at the fire.  55The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death, but they did not find any. 56Many testified falsely against him, but their statements did not agree. • 61and he was keeping silent, and did not answer anything. Again the chief priest was questioning him, and saith to him, `Art thou the Christ -- the Son of the Blessed?' • 62and Jesus said, `I am; and ye shall see the Son of Man sitting on the right hand of the power, and coming with the clouds, of the heaven.' • ' 63The high priest tore his clothes. "Why do we need any more witnesses?" he asked. 64"You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?" They all condemned him as worthy of death.

48. Talmud 101 class 4 Matthew 26:57-68  57Those who had arrested Jesus took him to Caiaphas, the high priest, where the teachers of the law and the elders had assembled. 58But Peter followed him at a distance, right up to the courtyard of the high priest. He entered and sat down with the guards to see the outcome.  59The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were looking for false evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death.

49. Talmud 101 class 4 • The Sanhedrin did NOT do this! • So is the Talmud lying? Is the New Testament lying? • No! There is a problem with the translation.

50. Talmud 101 class 4 • The translators decided to put “whole” rather then “part” in order to make the Jewish Sanhedrin appear to be against Yeshua. • There were a few bad men who were against Yeshua so they held an illegal kangaroo court and convicted Him.