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Ch. 6“Learning” Next Quiz (#3) covers pages 126-149

Ch. 6“Learning” Next Quiz (#3) covers pages 126-149. PRINCIPLES. Conditioning. THE … A – B – C ’s of Learning A__________ B ehaviors C__________. Classical Conditioning. Pavlov. Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov). ______________ elicits a _______________ [ S  R ].

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Ch. 6“Learning” Next Quiz (#3) covers pages 126-149

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  1. Ch. 6“Learning” Next Quiz (#3) covers pages 126-149

  2. PRINCIPLES

  3. Conditioning THE … A – B – C’s of Learning A__________ Behaviors C__________

  4. Classical Conditioning Pavlov

  5. Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov) ______________ elicits a _______________ [S R] EXAMPLE: Bell rings, students leave!

  6. THE FORMULA IN OTHER WORDS UCS  UCR An ___________________ stimulus elicits an unconditioned response NS + UCS  UCR A ______________ stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response A _______________ stimulus elicits a conditioned response CS  CR

  7. Pavlov makes his way into “The Office” http://vimeo.com/5371237 or http://www.NBC.com/The_Office/video/#mea=133738 Season 3 Episode 16

  8. Experiment time! A hop, skip, and a jump!

  9. Startle _____ → _____ UCS UCR _____ + _____ → _____ NS UCS UCR _____ → _____ CS CR Go over Classical Conditioning worksheet – numbers 1-10

  10. TYPES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING 1. S______________ 2. D____________ 3. T____________ 4. B____________ http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch06/tempstim.mhtml Demonstrating Types of Classical Conditioning

  11. OTHER KEY VOCABULARY (131-133) • Contingency Theory • _______________ • Spontaneous Recovery • Generalization • _______________ • Higher Order Conditioning

  12. How does this cartoon exhibit HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING?

  13. Reading: What Ever Happened to Baby Albert?

  14. Anxiety The physiological and psychological reaction to an expected danger, whether real or _______________. http://allpsych.com/disorders/anxiety/index.html Anxiety Disorders _______________Attack Period of extreme anxiety and physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, shakiness, dizziness, and racing thoughts.  Initial attacks are often reported to feel like a heart attack due to the heart palpitations.  A medical exam should be conducted to rule out any such condition. 

  15. PhobiaAn intense fear of a specific object or situation.  Most of us consider ourselves to have phobias, but to be diagnosable, the fear must significantly __________ ______ ______ _____ __________. http://www.phobialist.com/

  16. Articles! • M-m-m-math Anxiety? It’s All in the Teaching (2002) • When Fear Takes Control of the Mind (2006) • Could Fear Wreak Havoc on Your Life? (2001)

  17. How do we help baby Albert?(Therapies) Counterconditioning Methods – Peter & the Rabbit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcxKIJTb3Hg (2:08) _______________ A behavioral technique used to treat phobias in which the client is presented with the feared stimulus until the associated anxiety disappears. Systematic __________________________ A treatment technique where the client is exposed to gradually increasing anxiety provoking stimuli while relaxing; the goal is for the client to eventually confront a phobia or fear without the previously associated anxiety. (Movie Clip: What about Bob?)

  18. (Therapies continued) ________________ Therapy A type of behavioral treatment where an aversive stimuli is paired with a negative behavior in hopes that the behavior will change in the future to avoid the aversive stimuli. Ex. Chemicals + Alcohol = Sick

  19. Therapy in the 21st Century • Articles: • Virtual Cures • Virtually Fearless (1999) • Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy VRE and Soldiers Overcome Burns http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNIqyyypojg http://vrlab.epfl.ch/~bhbn/psy/index-VR-Psychology.html#sandbox

  20. Video: Things That Go Bump! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6-p9Ul5En4 From Discovery Health Channel

  21. Salivation _____ → _____ UCS UCR _____ + _____ → _____ NS UCS UCR _____ → _____ CS CR Meat Powder Salivation Bell

  22. Operant Conditioning & other forms of learning

  23. Students Elicit a Student Response!

  24. Operant Conditioning – A simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behavior because it is reinforced

  25. 1905 Formalized the Law of __________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDujDOLre-8&feature=related Edward L. _______________ Figure 1. (1911) Illustration of a "Puzzle Box"Used in His Research on Instrumental Learning in Cats.

  26. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA&feature=related (time 3:57) OPERANT (__________) BOX or CHAMBER B.F. ___________(1904 – 1990) PROJECT _______________

  27. _____________REINFORCERS (ex. food, water, & adequate warmth) ______________ or CONDITIONED REINFORCERS(ex. money) _____________REINFORCERS (ex. Stephan and Cody were two mentally disabled boys who seldom smiled at other people. Dr. Hopkins used a procedure in which he would take them for walks, and if they smiled at passers by, he would give them some pieces of M & M's candy. This procedure caused Stephan and Cody to smile much more often than they had before. _____________REINFORCERS (ex. Insect bite itches, Scratch it.) TYPES OF REINFORCERS Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  28. How do our M & M friends demonstrate the idea of Operant Conditioning? What kinds of behavior are elicited first? What about ____________ (138) & ______________(138-139)? What about _____________ (142) & __________________________________?

  29. LET’S LOOK AT… Positive Reinforcement vs. Negative Reinforcement vs. Punishment Use of Reinforcement and Punishment in Shaping a Child‘s Behavior http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPHcw2vz9H0&feature=related (time 4:28)

  30. Reward and Reinforcer can be used interchangeably What is rewarding to you may not be rewarding to another. Punishment doesn’t suggest what to do. Works only if guaranteed & consistent Severely punished may withdraw (Seligman) Can create hostility May be imitated (Monkey see…) Draws attention to it REWARDS vs. PUNISHMENTS PAGES 138 - 139

  31. SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT • CONTINUOUS vs. _________________ • INTERVAL (____________) SCHEDULES • Fixed • Variable • RATIO (_______________) SCHEDULES • Fixed • Variable

  32. 1. ___________________________-- the first correct response after a set amount of time has passed is reinforced (i.e., a consequence is delivered). The time period required is always the same.

  33. 2. _________________________-- the first correct response after a set amount of time has passed is reinforced. After the reinforcement, a new time period (shorter or longer) is set with the average equaling a specific number over a sum total of trials.

  34. 3. _______________________-- a reinforcer is given after a specified number of correct responses. This schedule is best for learning a new behavior. Notice that behavior is relatively stable between reinforcements, with a slight delay after a reinforcement is given. Also notice the number of behaviors observed during the 30 minute time period is larger than that seen under either of the interval schedules.

  35. 4. ______________________-- a reinforcer is given after a set number of correct responses. After reinforcement the number of correct responses necessary for reinforcement changes. This schedule is best for maintaining behavior.

  36. Observational Learning and media Violence • _____________________ • Monkey see, monkey do! • _____________________ • Get away with or are rewarded for violence • They always “get the girl/guy/money/car - etc. • _____________________ • Works the audience up • Watch the fans at a sporting event • Watch your friends watch the WWF • _____________________ • We become used to - desensitization

  37. What to do... 1. Violent behavior is not representative of most people 2. Violent behaviors are not real - special effects and technology 3. Most people use other than violent means to resolve conflict ___________________ Arbitration ___________________ Other • Positive modeling • Abiding by rating system • Act - call legislators • Encourage other activities • Watch educational programs • Monitor - watch first, watch with, explain • Limit time

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