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IMMUNITY

IMMUNITY. INNATE (present before birth, “ NATURAL ”) ADAPTIVE (developed by exposure to pathogens, or in a broader sense, antigens). INNATE IMMUNITY. BARRIERS CELLS: LYMPHOCYTES, MACROPHAGES, PLASMA CELLS, NK CELLS CYTOKINES /CHEMOKINES PLASMA PROTEINS : Complement, Coagulation Factors

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IMMUNITY

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  1. IMMUNITY • INNATE(present before birth, “NATURAL”) • ADAPTIVE(developed by exposure to pathogens, or in a broader sense, antigens)

  2. INNATE IMMUNITY • BARRIERS • CELLS: LYMPHOCYTES, MACROPHAGES, PLASMA CELLS, NK CELLS • CYTOKINES/CHEMOKINES • PLASMA PROTEINS: Complement, Coagulation Factors • Toll-Like Receptors, TLR’s

  3. ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY • CELLULAR,i.e.,direct cellular reactions to antigens • HUMORAL,i.e., antibodies

  4. CELLS of the IMMUNE SYSTEM • LYMPHOCYTES, T • LYMPHOCYTES, B • PLASMA CELLS (MODIFIED B CELLS) • MACROPHAGES, aka “HISTIOCYTES”, (APCs, i.e., Antigen Presenting Cells) • “DENDRITIC” CELLS (APCs, i.e., Antigen Presenting Cells) • NK (NATURAL KILLER) CELLS

  5. GENERAL SCHEME ofCELLULAR EVENTS • APCs (Macrophages, Dendritic Cells) • T-Cells (Control Everything) • CD4 “REGULATORS” (Helper) • CD8 “EFFECTORS” • B-Cells Plasma Cells AB’s • NK Cells

  6. The immune response Def: • Immune response :It is a specific defense mechanism developing against particular types of irritants to overcome the irritant on subsequent exposure. Hypersensitivity :Is the change in tissue reaction Following re- exposure to antigen

  7. Type III (immune complex reaction) Ag + Ab Immune complex with slight excess of Ag Diffuse through the wall of blood vessels Precipitate on the endothelial lining & outside blood vessels Activation of complement Inflammatory reaction With increase vascular permeability & exudation PNL Release of chemotactic factor Phagocytose complement & immune complex Proteolytic enzymes Tissue destruction.

  8. Types • @ Serum sickness • Oedema of the eye lid • Generalized lymphadenopathy • Urticaria • Fever & bone aches • @ Arthus phenomenon • Repeated skin injection of the antigen (e.g. insulin) tissue necrosis, hge. And ulceration

  9. Systemic immune- complex disease Acute serum sickness

  10. Arthus reaction

  11. Examples 1- Serum sickness 2- Arthus reaction. 3- Poly arteritisnodosa. 4- Post streptococcal GN. 5- SLE.

  12. Serum sickness

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