Male and Female Reproductive System

1. Male and Female Reproductive System Chapter 20 Section 2

2. Key Concepts • What is sexual reproduction • What are the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems? • What events occur during the menstrual cycle?

3. Key terms

4. Endocrine glands • In humans two endocrine glands-the ovaries and the testes-control many of the changes that occur as a child matures. These glands release hormones that cause the body to develop as a person grows older.

5. Sexual Reproduction • Life begins as a single cell • Female egg cell and sperm male sex cell

6. Fertilization • The joining of a sperm and egg • Sexual reproduction involved the production of eggs by the female and sperm by the male • When fertilization occurs a zygote is produced

7. Chromosomes • Are rod like structures • They carry the information that controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type • The sex cells contain 23 chromosomes each and when joined together have 46. these 46 chromosomes contain all the information needed to produce a new human being

8. Male reproductive system • Is specialized to produce sperm and the hormone testosterone • Structures of the male reproductive system include • Testes • Scrotum • Penis

9. The Testes • The are oval shaped and produce sperm • Produce testosterone-a hormone that controls the development of physical characteristics of mature men • Ex. Facial hair, deepening voice, broadening of shoulders, ability to produce sperm

10. Scrotum • The external pouch of skin where the testes are located • Being outside the body the testes are 2-3 degrees cooler than within the body as sperm need the slightly cooler conditions to develop normally

11. Semen • Once sperm is formed the sperm mix with fluids in nearby glands producing a fluid called semen • There are 5 to 10 million sperm per drop of semen • Semen leaves the body through the penis • Semen travels through the urethra

12. Female Reproductive System • Role of the female reproductive system is to produce eggs and to nourish a developing baby until birth if it is fertilized • Organs of the female productive system • Ovaries • Fallopian tubes • Uterus • Vagina

13. Ovaries • Produce eggs • Located slightly below the waist, one ovary is on each side of the body • Produce one hormone called estrogen • Triggers the development of some female characteristics • Hips to widen • Breast to develop

14. Path of the egg • Ovaries are located by fallopian tubes the passageway for eggs as they travel from the ovary to the uterus • Each month a mature egg is released • From the fallopian tubes the egg moves to the uterus and if fertilized then attaches to the wall of the uterus • An unfertilized egg breaks down in the uterus and enters the vagina

15. The Menstrual Cycle • An egg develops in an ovary • The uterus prepares for the arrival of an embryo-the menstrual cycle prepars the woman’s body for pregnancy

16. Endocrine Control • Menstural cycle is controlled by hormones • Hormones also trigger a girls first menstruation and menstruation goes on until about the age of 50

17. 1. What is fertilization • Joinging of an egg and a sperm

18. 2. List the structures of the male and female reproductive system? • Male-testes, scrotum, penis • Female-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina