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Pick up: Eyes of Nye: Human Characteristics & Adaptations video & questionnaire

Today in Biology…. Week #8 (12/2-12/6) Warm Up – Mon, 12/2: - AIMS Data Analysis. Pick up: Eyes of Nye: Human Characteristics & Adaptations video & questionnaire AIMS Data Analysis. Biology Fun Fact: The largest human chromosome, chromosome number 1, is ~220 million base pairs long!.

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Pick up: Eyes of Nye: Human Characteristics & Adaptations video & questionnaire

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  1. Today in Biology… Week #8 (12/2-12/6) Warm Up – Mon, 12/2: - AIMS Data Analysis • Pick up: • Eyes of Nye: Human Characteristics & Adaptations video & questionnaire • AIMS Data Analysis Biology Fun Fact: The largest human chromosome, chromosome number 1, is ~220 million base pairs long! • Homework: • DNA & Replication Quiz – Tues, 12/3 • Bring in a SMALL (~1/4 cup) sample of your favorite Thanksgiving leftover (food) for our lab next class – Thurs, 12/5 • Agenda: • Eyes of Nye: Human Characteristics & Adaptations video & questionnaire Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication & Protein Synthesis.

  2. AIMS Data Analysis • According to the information given in Study 2, a climber ascending Mt. Everest would need to produce more or less heat energy in order to cook food as they got closer to the summit (top) of the mountain? • More • Less

  3. Eyes of nye: human characteristics & adaptations • Ever wonder what causes you to look & act different than your brother or sister, even though you are related? • Ever wonder what causes you to look & act different than someone who is from Russia, China or Africa? • As you watch the video, be listening for the answers to fill in the blanks! • At the end of the video, you will be asked to share 3 new ideas or facts you learned!

  4. Today in Biology… • Pick up: • AIMS Review Packet (put your NAME on it & do NOT lose it!!!) Week #8 (12/2-12/6) Warm Up – Tues, 12/3: - AIMS Review – DNA Replication (Pg. 5) - SOC Biology Fun Fact: We have 30,000- 40,000 genes, each with coding for important functions. • Homework: • Bring in a SMALL (~1/4 cup) sample of your favorite Thanksgiving leftover (food) for our lab next class – Thurs, 12/5 • Agenda: • DNA Replication Quiz • DNA Extraction Lab Pre-lab set-up Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication & Protein Synthesis.

  5. Pg. 48 – DNA & DNA Replication Quiz • Yes, you may listen QUIETLY to your music once the Quiz begins. • Yes, you may use your Science Notebook as a Resource… • No, you may NOT talk! • Make sure your NAME, DATE & PER go at the TOP of the quiz! • Answer BOTH sides. • Turn your Quiz in to the Hmwk Bin when finished! • Go QUIETLY to your Lab Station to find your test tube from the lab. • Record your observations of the “layers” that have formed in your test tube on the last page of your Lab handout. DNA & DNA Replication Quiz

  6. Today in Biology… Week #8 (12/2-12/6) Warm Up – Thurs, 12/5: - Background Info: What kind of cells (if any) is your food sample made of…Plant? Animal? Combo of both? • Have out: • Your Thanksgiving leftovers sample • Pick up: • DNA Extraction Lab handout Biology Fun Fact: In the same way that the English language has 26 letters that are scrambled in several million ways to make words, the language of the genome is has 4 letters (A , T, G & C) that are scrambled several million times to make the genetic code. • Agenda: • Begin Thanksgiving Left-overs DNA Extraction Lab Homework:None Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication & Protein Synthesis.

  7. L? – DNA Extraction Lab Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs! • DNA is the “blueprintof life”, so you should be able to extract the DNA from anything that is/was living! Let’s try it! • PURPOSE: In your group, which food sample will provide the most DNA be extracted from a cell? • Mashing your sample: Put a “Spoonful” of your Thanksgiving left-over (food sample) in a plastic bag & begin to mash & mosh your sample. - Label your baggie with a Sharpie with your NAME& SAMPLE! DNA Extraction Lab Procedures

  8. L? – DNA Extraction Lab DNA Lab animation, Part 1(Intro slides 1-7 & Step 1) • As ‘knead’ your mixture, watch the animation & use the information to refreshyour memory about the cell’sstructure & oriente yourselfto the process of DNA Extraction. • Fill in the « Background Information » section of yourLabhandout. DNA Extraction Lab Procedures

  9. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • Why are you mashing your food sample? • Mashing & moshing the food sample separatedthe cells & began to break apart the cell membranes. • But where is DNA located? • DNA is found inside the nucleus within each cell, which is also surrounded by a membrane! • How do you think we can break apart both membranes that surround the DNA? DNA Extraction Lab – why Step 1?

  10. L? – DNA Extraction Lab Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs! • Adding the Mystery Solution: Pour 25 mL of the “Mystery DNA Extraction solution” in to your baggie & continue to mash your sample. - What do you need to read to get an accurate measurement? • Put your baggie on ice for 20 mins. • Why are we putting our “soup” on ice? • Return to the front of the class. - Using your knowledge of the molecules, the cell & tonicity, what do you think is in the “mystery solution”? DNA Lab animation, Part 2 (Burst open cells) DNA Extraction Lab Procedures ?

  11. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • To see the DNA, we have to break open the 2 membranes that surround the DNA (plasma & nuclear). • We do this with the “Mystery Solution”! • What do you think could “break apart these membranes? • Why detergent? How does detergent work? • Soap molecules & grease molecules are made of 2 parts: DNA Extraction Lab – why Step 2? Heads “like” water = hydrophilic Tails “fear” water = hydrophobic

  12. L? – DNA Extraction Lab Both soap & grease molecules organize themselves in spheres with their heads outside to face the water & their tails inside to “hide” from the water. When soap comes close to grease, their similar structures cause them to combine, forming a greasy soapy ball. DNA Extraction Lab – why Step 2?

  13. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • A cell's membranes have 2 layers of lipid (fat) molecules with proteins going through them. • What do we call the cell membrane because of its 2 layers of fats? • When detergent comes close to the cell, it captures the lipids & proteins. • After adding the “Mystery Solution”, what do you have in your soup? DNA Extraction Lab – why Step 2?

  14. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • How can we further expose the nucleus of the cell (where the DNA is)? • What is cytoplasm made of? • If we get rid of most of the cytoplasm, would that get us closer to the nucleus of the cell? • What else do you think is in the “Mystery Solution”? • What kind of solution (hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic) is the Mystery Solution? • What is going to happen to the cells when mixed in this solution? Lysing? Crenation? Nothing? DNA Extraction Lab – why Step 2?

  15. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • The DNA in the nucleus of the cell is molded, folded & protected by proteins. • DNA Lab animation, Part 3 (Separate DNA from proteins) • In an actual DNA Laboratory, lysis solution would be used to separate the DNA from the surrounding proteins. • In this lab, meat tenderizer (& other substances, like pineapple juice & contact cleaning solution) acts as an enzyme to cut proteins, just like a pair of scissors, away from the DNA. • What do enzymes do? • What else do you think is in the “Mystery Solution”? DNA Extraction Lab – why Step 2?

  16. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • Return to the lab, find your baggie & remove it from the ice. • Collecting Data: Now pour your “soup” through the black mesh “strainer” into a small beaker, removing just the fluid part of your soup. YOU MUST WASH THE BLACK MESH BETWEEN FOOD SAMPLES to AVOID CROSS-CONTAMINATION!!! • Pour the fluid contents into the test tube & put the cap on the test tube. DO NOT POUR “Solidy” contents down the SINK! Put in TRASH! • Measure & write down how much “Original Amount of Sample” you have strained. • What unit of measurement are you using? DNA Extraction Lab Procedures

  17. Today in Biology… • Have out: • DNA Extraction Lab • Week #8 (12/2-12/6) • Warm Up – Fri, 12/6: • Review of DNA Extraction Lab so far… Biology Fun Fact: Scientists (geneticists) still don't know the function of more than 80% of human DNA (“junk DNA”). Homework: 1. DNA Extraction Lab Applications Write-up – Thurs, 12/12 • Agenda: • Finish Thanksgiving Left-overs DNA Extraction Lab • Discuss Conclusions & turn in! Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the workings of DNA & RNA Replication & Protein Synthesis.

  18. L? – DNA Extraction Lab 1.Why were the cells mashed? To break apart the cell walls (plants) or cell membrane (animal), thus breaking the cells apart from each other. 2.Why was detergent (soap) added to the cell sample? To dissolve the cell membrane & nuclear membrane, thus releasing the DNA. 3.Why was enzyme (meat tenderizer) added to the sample? To release the DNA from the proteins that hold it in chromosome form. DNA Extraction LAb So far…

  19. L? – DNA Extraction Lab Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs! • Adding Isopropyl Alcohol: Tiltyour test tube & slowlypour isopropyl alcohol (70-95%) into the tube down the side so that it forms a layer on top of the mixture. Pour until you have about the same amount of alcohol in the tube as mixture. • Recap your test tube. • Carefully put your test tube in the beaker to settle out. (Wait 5 mins) • As you are waiting, make observations of your experiment. Draw your test tube. • What’s going on? What can you see? • What do you think is happening that you cannot see? • What are the “layers” forming in your test tube? Identify them in your drawing. DNA Extraction LAb Procedures

  20. L? – DNA Extraction Lab Visualizing the Genetic Code of your Thanksgiving Left-overs! DNA Lab animation, Part 4 (Isolate concentrated DNA) Alcohol is less dense than water, so it floats on top. Look for clumps of white stuff where the water & alcohol layers meet. 8. Identifying the DNA: DNA is a long, stringy molecule. The salt added in Step 1 (“Mystery Solution”) helps it stick together. So the clumps you see are tangled DNA molecules! • DNA normally stays dissolved in water, but when salty DNA comes in contact with alcohol it becomes undissolved (solidified). This is called precipitation. The force of the DNA clumping together as it precipitates pulls more strands along with it as it rises into the alcohol. DNA Extraction LAb Procedures

  21. L? – DNA Extraction Lab • Collecting data: Measure the amount of the “DNA layer” in your test tube & compare with that of your group members’. Share your data & record in the data table. • Was DNA extractable from every food sample? • Why do you think different foods gave us different amounts of DNA? 10.Clean Up!!! a. Wash test tubes with soap, water &test tube brush. Then dry. b. Wipe down & dry off station. c. CAREFULLYreset up supplies in the blue tubs. DNA Extraction LAb Procedures

  22. L? – DNA Extraction Lab 1.Why were the cells mashed? To break apart the cell walls (plants) or cell membrane (animal), thus breaking the cells apart from each other. 2.Why was detergent (soap) added to the cell sample? To dissolve the cell membrane & nuclear membrane, thus releasing the DNA. 3.Why was enzyme (meat tenderizer) added to the sample? To release the DNA from the proteins that hold it in chromosome form. 4. Why was isopropyl alcohol added to the sample? To separate the DNA away from the cell debris to make it more visible. DNA Extraction LAb Conclusions

  23. L? – DNA Extraction Applications Write-up Applications - What are the applications or uses of DNA Extraction? Identify & explain at least 2 uses for this lab. - Research a case (study or scenario) in which DNA was used. - MUSTinclude a “Works Cited” page (last page of report) to cite your source!!! -IF NO WORKS CITED, IT IS PLAGAIRISM = “0”!!! This APPLICATIONS WRITE-UP is DUE Tues, 12/12 & falls into the Assignment Category of LABS/LAB REPORTS which is worth 30% of your overall grade!!! DNA Extraction applications write-up DUE Thurs, 12/12

  24. AIMS Data Analysis – making data meaningful

  25. Pg. 64 – DNA Extraction Lab Report PURPOSE: In your group, which food sample will provide the most DNA be extracted from a cell? • Look at your data. • Is this quantitative, qualitativeor both? • Graph your Quantitative Data. • What kind(s) of graph could you create? • Don’t forget… • Title (IV & DV), Axis Labels (units), Key/Legend (if necessary) • Write out the results. • Were ALL groups members able to extract DNA from your food source? Why? Why not? • Are all foods made from/of something made from cells? • Make a conclusion. • Use your results to answer the Purpose. DNA Extraction LAb Report

  26. Pg. 64 – DNA Extraction Lab Report Applications - What are the applications or uses of DNA Extraction? Identify & explain at least 2 uses for this lab. - Research a case (study or scenario) in which DNA was used. DNA Extraction LAb Report

  27. Pg. 64 – DNA Extraction Lab Report • Use the guides on Pg. 59 & 60 to help you CORRECTLY write your Lab Report! • See me or Mr. D for HELP, if needed! • REMEMBER: • Each section needs a Section Heading! • Make sure the sections are in the CORRECT ORDER! • Grammar, spelling & punctuation are important! • Be thorough & explainconcepts learned through the lab so that a younger sibling, mom or dad, or friend could UNDERSTAND EXACTLY what you DID & LEARNED! DNA Extraction Lab Report DUE Wed, 12/5 & Thurs, 12/6

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