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Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts

Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts. http://www-tap.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/GRB2010/. Nobuyuki Kawai (Tokyo Tech). Cosmic Time. GRB as a probe for high- z Universe. GRB as a luminous light source GRB as a mark for a death of a massive star. Neutral opaque Universe.

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Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts

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  1. Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts http://www-tap.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/GRB2010/ Nobuyuki Kawai (Tokyo Tech)

  2. Cosmic Time GRB as a probe for high-z Universe • GRB as a luminous light source • GRB as a mark for a death of a massive star Neutral opaque Universe Ionized transparent Universe

  3. Imprints in GRB spectra galaxy ISM Molecular Cloud H II Region SN ejecta IGM WR Wind Shell Ejecta CSM ISM IGM SFR

  4. Lya break SII OI CII SiII SiII* GRB 050904 at t=3.4 d • zIGM,u = zDLA = 6.295 • best fit xHI = 0.00 • xHI < 0.17 (68 % C.L.) 0.60 (95% C.L.) Log NHI=21.6 [S/H]=-1.3 Kawai et al. (2006) Totani et al. (2006) Subaru FOCAS 4.0 hrs, l/Dl»1000

  5. History of the Universe Metallicity IGM Neutral Fraction • Reinization • Chemical evolution • Star formation rate Cosmic star formation rate

  6. “Tanvir Plot” GRBs Galaxies Quasars Tanvir2009

  7. 2 1 0 Flux density 1 0 30 20 10 0 Lya Lya Lya S+ Si+ Si+ O C+ 960 970 980 wavelength[nm] 800 900 1000 wavelength [nm] 700 800 900 1000 wavelength[nm] optical/NIR spectra of highest-z objects Galaxy z = 6.96 Quasar z = 6.4 GRB z = 6.3 • Lyman alpha emitter • can be found with systematic wide-field narrow band survey + spectroscopy • little information in spectra (e.g. metal?) • luminosity selected • very rare: only 10 at z>6 in SDSS • steadily bright • complicated spectra: difficult to interpret • proximity effect • luminosity-selected • rare: ~<5% at z>6 ? • bright at early phase • simple intrinsic spectra: • abundant information • no proximity effect • sampling normal star-forming glaxy

  8. Agenda • What do we know about GRBs? • What do we know about the ancient Universe? • How can we use GRBs to understand the history of the Universe? • What are the future prospects?

  9. Poster Competition • Eligible if you are not giving a talk • Indicate your entry by the color sticker • Entry closed at Monday afternoon • Anonymous Judges choose three winners • Winners give 10 min talk on Friday • Young participants (students, postdocs) are particularly encouraged

  10. Cosmic Chemical Evolution GRB 050904 Kawai et al. 2006 Fynbo et al. 2006 Prochaska et al. 2003 Sollerman et al. 2005 Savaglio, et al. 2009

  11. Reionization

  12. Star Formation Rate

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