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Fabric Construction

Fabric Construction. Chapter 12. Key Terms. Yarns -Created from fibers twisted together or laid side by side. Spun Yarns - Yarn made of staple fibers. Ply - Tells the number of strands used, you’ll find yarn that’s two-ply, three-ply or more.

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Fabric Construction

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  1. Fabric Construction Chapter 12

  2. Key Terms • Yarns-Created from fibers twisted together or laid side by side. • Spun Yarns- Yarn made of staple fibers. • Ply- Tells the number of strands used, you’ll find yarn that’s two-ply, three-ply or more. • Texturing- Uses chemicals, heat, or special machinery to turn the straight, rod-like filaments into coiled, looped, or crimped yarns. • Weaving- Interlaces two sets of yarns that are at right angles to each other.

  3. Knitting- Loops yarns together. • Warp Yarns- yarns that run the length of the fabric. • Filling Yarns- Crosswise yarns. • Grain- The direction that yarns run in a woven fabric. • Pile- A raised surface of loops or yarn ends.

  4. Spun yarns • All natural fibers, except silk, are staples. • Staple fibers are twisted together to form a single yarn long enough to make into fabric.

  5. Filament yarns • Measured in yards or meters. • Silk • Manufactured fibers • Smoother and more lustrous

  6. Blended Fibers/Fabrics • The best qualities of different fibers • Combine natural, manufactured, or both • Usually blended to improve fabric performance. • Appearance • Example: Adding angora fiber to wool gives more texture and softness to a sweater.

  7. Fabric Characteristics • Construction- How it is made? • Texture-The look and feel of the fabric. • Hand- Is it soft, firm, or crisp? How does it drape over your hand? • Weight- Is it a light weight or heavy fabric?

  8. Basic Weaves Plain • Simplest • Over under over under

  9. Twill Weave • Parallel, diagonal ridges on the fabric surface • Firm and heavy

  10. Satin Weave • Yarns that float on the surface to give it a luster or shine. • Smooth surface with lots of sheen.

  11. Knit • Yarns that are looped together. • Stretchy

  12. Nonwoven Fabrics • Interlocking fibers with heat and moisture or with adhesive substance. • Felt is made by applying heat, moisture, and pressure to wool fibers.

  13. Activity • Choose a garment item you are wearing today. Have a partner tell you what the fiber content of your clothing item is. • On the shirt provided for you list the fiber content and the fabric construction. • Then tell the wash method for you garment. • Example: 100% cotton, Knit construction. Machine wash, reshape and dry flat, warm iron.

  14. Weaving Activity • Materials • 3 pieces of construction paper • Scissors • Glue/tape • Ruler • Take your construction paper (2 sheets) and cut it into ½”x6” strips. • Take the two colors and weave them together onto the 3rd piece of paper. • You must create the plain and twill weave. See page 222-223 in your textbook. • Do NOT make your twill weave look like the basket weave. • For extra credit you must correctly do the satin weave. • All weaves must have nice clean edges. No sloppy weaves, sloppy edges, or uneven weaves.

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