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Chapter 2

Linux Installation Procedures. Chapter 2. Overview. Pre-Installation Tasks Installing and Configuring Linux X Server Post Installation Configuration and Tasks. Pre-Installation Tasks. The Boot Method.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Linux Installation Procedures Chapter 2

  2. Overview • Pre-Installation Tasks • Installing and Configuring Linux • X Server • Post Installation Configuration and Tasks

  3. Pre-Installation Tasks

  4. The Boot Method • There is a configuration setting in the BIOS that will tell the system which medium to boot from. • Choices are a floppy disk, hard drive, CD-ROM, a network drive that has the files stored on a server, or a high capacity removable drive like a Jaz or Zip drive. • Another way to begin the installation process is by using the existing OS bootstrap method.

  5. Installation Media • The easiest and quickest way to do an installation is with the installation CD. Currently every distribution of Linux comes on CD. • Linux may also be installed from a Network connection and is recommended if there is a fast network connection. • Linux can be installed from files that are located on a different partition, even if this partition has a different OS running in it. • This is known as installing from a hard disk.

  6. Installing and Configuring Linux

  7. Linux Hardware Requirements • Linux can be installed on all Pentium class processors. • A floppy disk or a CD-ROM and a hard drive with at least 900MB of free disk space will be required. • The minimum requirement for RAM is 16 MB, but 64 MB of RAM minimum is preferred.

  8. Starting the Installation • The installation will start once the CD is inserted and the BIOS is configured to boot from the CD. • Select the settings for the system • Choose the type of installation, server, or workstation • Partition the hard drive • Configure network settings and the time zone • For a server installation the next step is to install the operating system. If the workstation installation is selected, the installer will be prompted to first configure the X-Windows Environment before the installation will begin.

  9. Selecting the Appropriate Parameters for Installation • One of the first options to be displayed will be Installation Options, Graphical or Text Mode. • Then the choice of what language is to be used. • A window will be displayed to choose the type of mouse and keyboard that is attached to the computer if is not auto detected. • Features like the number of buttons the mouse has and if it has a wheel or not can be selected.

  10. Installation Type • Here you will choose the installation type that is best for your needs. • Personal Desktop, Workstation, server or custom type.

  11. Disk Partitioning Setup • On this screen, a user can choose to perform automatic partitioning, partition manually using Disk Druid, or to partition manually using the DOS utility fdisk. • For this installation, select the Automatic partitioning option and Red Hat will automatically partition the hard drive.

  12. Automatic Partitioning • The following are the automatic partitioning options: • Remove all Linux partitions on this system . (Select this option for this lab)  • Remove all partitions on this system • Keep all partitions and use existing free space

  13. Disk Setup • Red Hat will create one partition for the Linux Kernel (/boot), one for the files and applications (/), and a swap file to store data that does not fit into RAM.

  14. Boot Loader Configuration • Choose LILO or Grup as the boot loader. • Install Boot Loader record on /dev/had. • Boot label: Linux.

  15. Network Configuration • A prompt to configure the network settings (IP address, subnet mask, host name, DNS server, and default gateway) appears. • If the system is connected to a DHCP server it will provide the information automatically.

  16. Firewall Configuration • The High selection only allows the following connections: • DNS replies • DHCP • The Medium selection does not allow the following Ports lower than 1023, such as FTP, SSH, telnet, and HTTP are blocked. • The No firewall disables any security checking. • Choose Customize to add trusted devices or to allow additional incoming services

  17. Other Configuration • Language Support Choose a language that will be used as the default on the Linux system (Choose English and Arabic) • Time Zone Selection Select the correct time zone by scrolling to, and highlighting, the correct city. • Account Configuration Enter the root password twice: -Root Password: 123456 -Confirm: 123456 • Authentication Configuration Choose the security level for passwords (Shadow Password & MD 5)

  18. Configuring Appropriate Security Settings • The Root account in Linux is also known as the superuser or system administrator account. • This account is mandatory, during installation the user will be prompted to enter the password twice to protect against typing errors. • There are advantages and disadvantages in creating user accounts during the installation. • Understanding these will help any administrator determine which is best based on the security implementations that have been planned.

  19. Selecting Packages to Install • There are many packages to choose from, depending on which distribution is being installed. • Keep in mind that here is the amount of disk space that is available to work with. • Installing all of these packages will consume disk space. (about 5 GB)

  20. X Server

  21. X server • The X Window System is a software system that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for computers. • It provides the basic for GUI environments: drawing and moving windows on the screen and interacting with a mouse and/or keyboard. • Its named as X. • It contains the drivers for most video cards.

  22. X server

  23. X Server Options • Xfree86is the free X server that comes with every major distribution that supports a GUI interface. • Most Linux distributions that are shipped after the year 2001 come with the 4.0.X version of Xfree86. • With the growing popularity of Linux, many of the manufactures have made drivers available that will be supported by Xfree86. • Check the manufacturer’s website for the appropriate drivers.

  24. Configuring X Server • As with most Linux configurations there are two ways to configure X server. • 1st is to use the graphical configuration tools, then the operating system automatically writes these changes to the XF86Config text file. • The XF86Config file is a text file that can be manually edited. This requires using a text editor to open the file and manually make the changes. • Unless the user is experienced with using a text editor, this is not the recommended way. • This method is usually used for adjusting a working configuration to get better performance and not to initially configure the X server.

  25. Configuring X Server • There are three configuration tools that are used with XFree86 3.3.X: • Xf86config: - It operates entirely in text mode • Xconfigurator: - This tool can be used in either text mode or GUI mode • XF86Setup: - This tool can only be used in GUI mode

  26. Hardware Configurations • Some of the main hardware devices that need to be configured with the X server are the keyboard, mouse, monitor, and video card. • If any one of these devices is not configured correctly the X server will not operate at optimal performance or may not work at all.

  27. Post-Installation Configuration and Tasks

  28. Post-Installation of Applications and Programs • There are three types of package managers that a Linux administrator needs to know. • The Red Hat Package Manager (RPM), Debian Packages, and Tarballs are used to install and remove applications and programs in Linux systems after the installation process has completed.

  29. Post-Installation of Applications and Programs • RPM is the most popular type of package. • It provides the necessary tools such as package databases that are needed to install and remove programs, however, not all applications or programs use RPM. • The difference between Debian and RPM packages is that they are not interchangeable. • Debian contains a package database that has the same features as the RPM database, however, the Debian database is stored in the /var/lib/dpkg directory. • Tarballs are by far the most widely supported type of package available with Linux. • Every distribution can use tarballs to install or remove applications and programs. • However, tarballs is not as advanced as RPM or Debian packages.

  30. Kernel Issues • An operating system’s kernel provides functions such as memory management, low-level hardware drivers (excluding X video drivers and printer drivers), scheduling when specific processes get access to the CPU, allow programs to access the network, and controls access to the file system on a hard drive. • An administrator must make sure that the kernel version is up-to-date. • A typical Linux Kernel version might look something like Linux 2.4.3. • 1st number is the kernel version number • 2nd number is the major revision number: indicates if the version is a stable or experimental version • 3rd number minor revision number: represents any small or minor fixes usually done to an already stable kernel version

  31. Environment Variables • The Environmental Variables in a Linux system contain information such as the user’s home directory, disk space, hostname, the name of the current shell, or resources available on the system. • There are many different types of environmental variables that can be set for a Linux system. • To see a list, type the env command at the prompt.

  32. Verifying Proper Application Functioning and Performance • The final stage of the installation process consists of testing and verifying that the programs, applications, and operating system in functioning properly. • Install the operating system first in a test network. • Then install all the programs and applications onto the system and verify that everything will work properly. • Testing and evaluating the new software on a test system helps reduce problems. • To set up a proper test environment, recreate as close as possible the existing system or systems.

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