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Diabetes and CKD What is the Connection?

Diabetes and CKD What is the Connection?. Discussion topics. Number of people in U.S. with diabetes Diabetes and related problems Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stages of CKD What you can do to help yourself. You are not alone. 20.8 million people in U.S. have diabetes –

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Diabetes and CKD What is the Connection?

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  1. Diabetes and CKD What is the Connection?

  2. Discussion topics • Number of people in U.S. with diabetes • Diabetes and related problems • Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) • Stages of CKD • What you can do to help yourself

  3. You are not alone • 20.8 million people in U.S. have diabetes – that is 7% of the population • Majority are Type 2 • Diabetes to increase 165% between 2000 and 2050 • There is a 1.8 times greater risk among African Americans

  4. Heartdisease Stroke HighBloodPressure Diabetes Blindness CKD Peripheral Vascular Disease Possible complications of diabetes

  5. Diabetes and CKD • Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD in U.S. • Early kidney disease has no symptoms • When not diagnosed it can progress to kidney failure with little or no warning

  6. Control your diabetes • High blood sugar levels can lead to many health problems including kidney disease • 30% of people with Type 1 diabetes develop CKD • 10-40% of people with Type 2 diabetes develop CKD

  7. What is the kidney • The kidneys weigh about a pound each • Located in the retroperitoneal space • About the size of an adult fist • Shaped like a kidney bean • Attached to blood stream through renal arteries • Each renal lobe is made of tiny blood vessels

  8. Kidney functions • Remove waste • Remove excess fluid • Secrete Erythropoetin to make red blood cells • Regulate bone metabolism • Regulate blood pressure • Maintain electrolyte and acid balance

  9. How does diabetes cause CKD? • Damages small blood vessels in kidneys and other organs • Proteins begin to leak into the urine • Ability to filter waste decreases • Waste products begin to build up • Kidneys may fail • May need dialysis or transplant to live

  10. Signs of kidney damage • Damage to kidneys may or may not involve kidney failure. Some signs of damage: • Blood in urine • Protein in urine (Proteinuria) • Abnormal blood or other urine tests • Abnormal imaging tests • Abnormal kidney biopsy

  11. Decreased appetite Nausea, vomiting Weight gain/loss Change in bowel habits Decreased sensation in hands and feet (neuropathy) Tired Decreased concentration Frail appearance Decreased sexual functioning Bronze or discolored skin CKD symptoms

  12. NKF definition of CKD • The National Kidney Foundation defines CKD as kidney damage for 3 or more months based on findings of abnormal structure (Imaging studies) or abnormal function (blood or urine tests) OR • GFR < 60 mL per minute for 3 or more months with or without evidence of Kidney damage

  13. Detecting CKD • Detect CKD with 2 simple tests: • Urine test for detecting proteinuria • Blood test for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

  14. Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

  15. Stage 5 CKD or ESRD • Stage 5 CKD is more commonly called ESRD or End Stage Renal Disease. • Treatment required • Some form of dialysis to maintain life • Medications • Diet modification

  16. Delayed CKD detection can lead to serious consequences • Lack of treatment for early complications • Diabetes - High blood pressure • Cardiovascular disease - Malnutrition • Late referral to nephrologist/cardiovascular specialist or dietitian • Lack of patient education for prevention or treatment options • Lack of access placement prior to the start of dialysis

  17. CKD risk factors • Diabetes • Hypertension • Smoking • High Cholesterol • Family history of CKD • Age • Gender • Racial /ethnic background • African American • Native American • Asian American • Pacific Islander • Hispanic

  18. CKD risk factors continued • Exposure to Nephrotoxic drugs • Contrast Dye • NSAIDS • Ibuprofen • Advil • Motrin • Naproxen

  19. USRDS 2004

  20. USRDS 2004

  21. Why CKD prevention is important with diabetes & hypertension • More than 90% of Medicare patients with CKD also have diabetes, hypertension, or both • Approximately 83,000 Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes in Missouri (Fee-for-Service 4/06-3/07) • Diabetes and hypertension both cause CKD and make complications worse

  22. When to get tested • Type 1 Diabetes: 5 years after diagnosis, then annually* • Type 2 Diabetes: at diagnosis, then annually* • Hypertension: at diagnosis and initiation of therapy, then every 3 years if eGFR and microalbumin tests are normal • Family history of kidney disease: every 3 years, as long as tests are normal • These testing intervals are recommendations; physician opinion may differ *KDOQI Guideline 1

  23. Help prevent or delay CKD • Control Blood Sugar - Goal of A1C < 6.5 • Eat at about the same time every day • Eat a meal or snack every 3-4 hours and do not skip meals • Eat the same amount of carbohydrates in meals or snacks each day • Check blood sugar as instructed • Take your medicine and /or insulin as directed • Keep your doctor appointments; take your blood sugar record with you

  24. Control blood pressure • Monitor your own blood pressure • Try to keep it at 125/70 or lower • Take medication as directed • Limit salt and sodium intake

  25. Watch your weight • Achieve and maintain desirable body weight (target BMI to normal range of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2)

  26. If you smoke STOP

  27. Take an active role in your health care • Monitor your own blood pressure and blood sugar • Know what your levels should be • See your doctor regularly • Ask if you are on an ACE or an ARB for your BP • Ask if you had a urine test for protein • Know your eGFR • If you have CKD, know what stage

  28. CKD Stage 3 • Limit protein and phosphorous intake • High protein levels increase the workload of the kidney

  29. CKD Stage 4 or 5 • Limit phosphorus intake in your diet • High levels of phosphorus can cause damage without any symptoms

  30. Foods high in phosphorus • Milk and dairy products • Cola drinks and Dr. Pepper • Chocolate • Nuts and butters • Pancakes, waffles and biscuits • Dried beans • Processed meats like hot dogs, sausage, bologna • Whole grain foods

  31. Take better care of yourself • Changes in diet, fluid intake and medications can be confusing and challenging. • These changes can help you feel better and slow kidney disease • Go to your doctor and ask questions • Take your medications as instructed • Report any changes

  32. It takes a team

  33. Now is the time to ask • Questions

  34. Information Resources • National Kidney Foundation - www.kidney.org • Missouri Kidney Program - http://som.missouri.edu/mokp • Heartland Kidney Network - www.network12.org • American Assoc. of Kidney Patients - www.aakp.org • Renal Support Network - www.ikidney.com

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