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The Periodic Table of Elements 8 th Grade Science Ms. Kindregan

The Periodic Table of Elements 8 th Grade Science Ms. Kindregan. Layout of the Periodic Table. Atomic Number : The number of protons in the nucleus in an atom. Atomic Mass : The average mass of the atoms of an element. Group : the elements in a column of the periodic table

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The Periodic Table of Elements 8 th Grade Science Ms. Kindregan

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  1. The Periodic Table of Elements 8th Grade Science Ms. Kindregan

  2. Layout of the Periodic Table Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus in an atom. Atomic Mass: The average mass of the atoms of an element. Group: the elements in a column of the periodic table Period: a horizontal row in the periodic table

  3. Families on the Periodic Table • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families bases on their chemical properties. • Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table. • Elements in each family react differently with other elements.

  4. How to Read Periodic Table Atomic Number: Number of protons in the nucleus of the element. Atomic Mass: average mass of isotopes in this element.

  5. NonMetals • Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. • Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. • As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle. • The non-metals can be gases, such as oxygen and solids, such as carbon. • The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light.

  6. Alkali Metals Group 1 • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal • 1 electron in the outer shell • Soft and silvery metals • Very reactive, esp. with water • Conduct electricity

  7. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 • 2 electrons in the outer shell • White and malleable • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals • Conduct electricity

  8. Transition Metals Groups in the middle • Good conductors of heat and electricity. • Some are used for jewelry. • The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell. • Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.

  9. Rare Earth Metals • Some are Radioactive • The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals. • Conduct electricity

  10. Noble Gases Noble Gases • Exist as gases • Non-metals • 8 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Helium (He) has only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full • Not reactive with other elements

  11. Metalloids Metalloid: • Metalloids are the elements found between the boundary that distinguishes metals from non-metals. • Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. • Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors.

  12. Halogens Halogens • 7 electrons in the outer shell • All are non-metals • Very reactive are often bonded with elements from Group 1

  13. Other Metals Other Metals • The "other metals" elements are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. • All of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque.

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