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Social psychology

Social psychology. No, this is not a guide on how to get a date. Social psychology is concerned with:. Persuasion Obedience Group dynamics Prejudice Culture Formation Stereotyping . Fundamental Attribution Error. Tendency to attribute internal attributes to other people’s behavior

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Social psychology

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  1. Social psychology No, this is not a guide on how to get a date.

  2. Social psychology is concerned with: • Persuasion • Obedience • Group dynamics • Prejudice • Culture Formation • Stereotyping

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error • Tendency to attribute internal attributes to other people’s behavior • Self-serving bias • good things happen to us: internal reasons • bad things happen to us: external • Just-world hypothesis • Good things happen to good people • Bas things happen to bad people • Halo effect • Because there is one good thing about a person, this means that everything is good about him or her

  4. Asch Study

  5. Solomon Asch’s Conformity Experiment • 75% of participants conformed to the group majority • The larger the group, the larger the majority.

  6. Milgram

  7. Milgram’s Findings • In the voice feedback condition, 65% of participants obeyed the Experimenter. • One of the obeying participants was a Holocaust survivor. • “Agentic State”

  8. Zimbardo Prison Experiment • College-aged students randomly assigned to be a guard or a prisoner in a prison simulation. • Meant to be a role play intended to study the psychological effects of incarceration, • Environment became a sadistic prison environment • Guards physically and mentally abused the prisoners and • The prisoners became convinced that they were meant to stay indefinitely. • The experiment shows how easy it is for people to assume their roles and let it become their reality.

  9. Cognitive Dissonance • Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) • Boring Task • “Tell others that this was fun!” • Some paid $20, others paid $1 • Those paid $1 rated activity as more enjoyable than those who were paid $20 • Cognitive Dissonance: Discomfort caused by behavior and belief not being congruent • Choice: Live with dissonance, change behavior, or change belief • If behavior is forced, then change in belief is possible

  10. Groupthink • Need for consensus • Results in suppression of dissent • “Symptoms” • Illusion of invulnerability • Self-censorship • Pressure to make dissenters conform • Illusion of unanimity • Examples • 1986 Challenger Explosion • Bay of Pigs Invasion • Kennedy: “How could we have been so stupid? When we saw the wide range of the failures we asked ourselves why it had not been apparent to somebody from the start. I guess you get walled off from reality when you want something to succeed too much”.

  11. Cialdini’s Principles of Persuasion • Commitment & Consistency • We stay loyal to those we make a commitment • Consensus • We are more likely persuaded to an idea if we see others believing in that idea • Liking • We like those who are like us • Authority • We tend to believe an idea if an authority figure endorses it • Scarcity • We must have what is scarce • Reciprocation • If you give me something, I feel compelled to give something in return.

  12. Sherif et al. (1954) • Muzafer Sherif took 24 school aged boys and separated them into two groups. • Without being told to, each group formed its own identity (the Rattlers and the Eagles), assigned roles, and hierarchal structure. • When the groups became aware of each other, they insisted on doing competitive games against one another

  13. Competition • The two groups engaged in a series of competitions. The winning group would win a trophy. • After a few days, the to groups were brought into the camp cafeteria, where excessive name calling resulted.

  14. Hatred Develops • The two groups started calling each other names. • After a while pranks were played on one another. • An Eagle cabin was broken into by a Rattler and several items were stolen • Signs of hostility, aggression, and hatred were observed in both groups by researchers.

  15. Creating Harmony • Sherif and his colleagues found that intergroup hostilities could be overcome if both groups worked together to achieve a common goal. • The Movie Problem • Maryland Referndum on Slavery (1864) • Truman Desegregating the Armed Forces (1947)

  16. How prejudice develops • United States: African-Americans and immigrants provided competition in finding jobs. The greatest hostilities were found during the Great Depression. • Europe: Many bankers throughout Europe were Jewish. Having strong influence over the economy, many viewed Jews as competitors.

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