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#Upper Canada Problems

#Upper Canada Problems. Mr. Saunders Socials 10. How it was.

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#Upper Canada Problems

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  1. #UpperCanadaProblems Mr. Saunders Socials 10

  2. How it was • In the early 19th century there were six colonies and two territories that made up the area known as British North America. They were Upper Canada, Lower Canada, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Rupert’s Land and the North Western Territories • These colonies and territories shared borders with the United States to the south, the Oregon Territory to the west and Alaska to the northwest.

  3. Upper Canada • In the early 19th century Upper Canada was essentially run by a small group of people who had made their way into the government of that time. • Basically, these were the members of society who had good jobs and made the most money out of anyone in the larger settlements (such as York). • This group consisted of lawyers, judges, clergy, bankers, military officials etc. and was called the FAMILY COMPACT.

  4. Government System

  5. The Problems? • The system itself. • The people running that system. • Farm land wasn’t being distributed properly. • Transportation was really, really, really bad. (Upper Canadian Farmer)

  6. The tories • Friends and supporters of the Family Compact, who wanted to “conserve” the way things were (hence the term conservative). • A lot of these people were “loyalists”, which meant they still recognized the British crown as the true ruler of Canada. • Much of the council was conservative, as chosen by members of the Family Compact.

  7. The Reformers • There were two kinds: Moderate and Radical. • Moderate reformers didn’t agree with what the Tories were doing, but they knew that things weren’t going to change too quickly. They were advocates for RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT. • Radical reformers on the other hand, wanted it all, and they wanted it now. They believed in change by any means necessary. • Their leader was…

  8. William Lyon Mackenzie …and his amazing neck beard…

  9. Rabble rouser • Mackenzie wanted Upper Canada to split away from Britain, much like the Americans had done years ago. • This sort of talk scared a lot of his fellow reformers, who still felt some loyal feelings towards the crown. • The leader of the reformers, Robert Baldwin, feared that Mackenzie would ruin any progress made by the more moderate reformers.

  10. A new governor • In 1836 there was a new governor in town: Sir Francis Bond Head • Even though he didn’t know a whole lot about Canada (being a limey Brit and all), he declared that anyone part of the Reformers movement was a traitor to the British crown . • After aggressive (and somewhat fear-based) campaigning, the Reformers who had seats in the Assembly (Mackenzie included) lost their seats.

  11. The aftermath • Mackenzie was furious, and called his fellow Reformers to arms. • In November 1837 Mackenzie published his intentions to gain independence from Britain, through force. • Many people from the rural areas surrounding York took up arms, and met up with some more reformers living in the city to confront the Tory stronghold.

  12. The battle of “Toronto” • Read pages 1-4 of Canada: Challenge of the West

  13. Then what happened? • Mackenzie fled to the United States, living there for twelve years before being pardoned and returning. • 25,000 disgruntled Reformers packed their bags and left for the United States. Their hopes of having a Canada free from the British had been dashed. • Several notable Reformers were tried, imprisoned and some even executed.

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