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Communication Using a Network

Communication Using a Network. Chapter 7. Chapter Objectives. State and explain the different components of a network Explain and install Network Interface Card Describe the basic principles of data communication Explain the use of MAC address

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Communication Using a Network

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  1. Communication Using a Network Chapter 7

  2. Chapter Objectives • State and explain the different components of a network • Explain and install Network Interface Card • Describe the basic principles of data communication • Explain the use of MAC address • Explain the concepts of a direct cable connection • Identify and troubleshoot problems of NIC

  3. Recall • Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) provides high-performance and connects multiple stations at the data transfer rate of 100 Mbps. • The two types of logical topologies are: • Token ring logical topology • Token bus logical topology • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network protocol which converts data traffic into a stream of fixed size cell before transmission. • The basic network components of AppleTalk are: Sockets, Nodes, Network and Zones.

  4. Data Communication • Transmission of information between two computers or nodes

  5. Signaling Techniques – I • Two types of Signaling techniques: • Baseband • Broadband • Baseband Signals: • Uses single frequency to transmit data • Transmit information in digital form

  6. Signaling Techniques – II • Broadband Signals: • Data is transmitted using more than one frequency • Uses analog signals • Adds additional information to carrier signals by process of modulation

  7. Network Interface Card (NIC) • Hardware device used to connect different computers on Network • Serves as a link for sending and receiving data on a network • MAC address is address assigned by IEEE to identify network card

  8. Ethernet Card • Used in devices which are connected using Ethernet technology • Two types of Ethernet network card – Wired and wireless • The choice depends on type of network used

  9. Types of Ethernet Card - I • 10Base-5 (Thicknet) NIC • 10Base-2

  10. Types of Ethernet card - II • 10BaseT • Fiber –optic

  11. Token Ring Card • Used to connect to a token ring network • Assigned a MAC address by IEEE • Maximum of two token ring cards can be installed at any node • Consists of 9 pin DIN type connector which connects card to network cable

  12. Physical Connections • Physical Connections • NIC either connected on a PCI or PCI-X slot • NIC cards can be connected to an USB port or can have a PC card connection • Depends on one of the cable connectors: • BNC connector • ST-fiber optic connector • RJ-45 connector

  13. Lights on NIC and hub • Different LEDs on NIC: • Link LED • ACT LED • Speed LED • Collision LED • LEDs on Hub: • Power LED • Port LED

  14. MAC Address • Also known as hardware or physical address • Used to identify nodes at lower levels of the OSI model • ID assigned by IEEE • Hardware address hard-coded into NIC • Nodes on network identified by MAC address • Is a 12 digit hexadecimal number (48 bit address)

  15. MAC vs IP address

  16. Installing the NIC • Different factors while choosing NIC: • Bus type (Expansion slot) • Speed • Connection type (cabling) • Hardware Requirements: • Pentium I/233MHz • 32 MB RAM • 2 GB of available hard disk

  17. Direct Cable Connection • One device acts as a host and other acts as a guest • Can also use infrared connection, if both nodes have required hardware • All the latest versions of windows provide a software which allows a user to have a direct serial-to-serial, parallel-to-parallel, or infrared-to-infrared connection with the other PC. • To establish a connection using serial ports, a cable known as null modem is use

  18. Diagnostic and Repair of Physical Cabling using tools • Tools can be used to identify the problems and also troubleshoot these problems • Various tools available for checking network are: • Volt-ohm meters (VOMs) – Cable-testing tool used to measure parameters • Analog • Digital

  19. Tone generators and probe – I • Tone generator is a network troubleshooting tool • Consists of single or multi-tone signal, two test leads and a 4-conductor modular cable • Acts like a radio transmitter • Probe: • Works like a radio receiver • Catches a tone when placed near wire

  20. Optical tester • Fiber optic NICs mostly do not have any lights so making the diagnosis of the problem becomes little difficult • Optical tester is used to inspect the quality of the connections

  21. Case Study The Bangalore branch of MoneyMaker bank is organizing a seminar on the various developments that have occurred in the past one year. David has created a presentation for this purpose which is stored on the network server. This file can be accessed only through David's system. But on the day of seminar, he is unable to access the system.

  22. Problem Unable to access the file which is available on network server

  23. Solution • Verify cable connection • Verify LED status of NIC • Verify LED status of hub • The LED on NIC should be ON, once you boot the operating system

  24. Summary – I • The main components of data communication are sender, receiver, medium and message • The data to be sent is converted into signals and then transmitted over the network • Signaling techniques are of two types – broadband and baseband • Baseband signals transmit data at a single frequency • Broadband technique can transmit data using more than one frequency

  25. Summary – II • Network Interface Cards are devices that are used to get connected to different computers on a network • Some examples of NIC are Ethernet Card and Token Ring Card • Ethernet cards support transfer rate of 10 or 100 or 1000 Mbps • MAC address is a hardware address that is embedded onto the NIC • Lower layers of OSI model identify nodes on the network by their MAC address

  26. Summary – III • A connection established between two nodes by directly connecting a cable is known as direct cable connection. • Signals lying on the cable are absorbed by the terminators at the end of the cable to avoid collision. • Cross over cables can be used for temporary connection between two devices when switch or hub is not present. • Volt-ohm meters is a cable-testing tool which is used to troubleshoot the network cabling.

  27. Summary – IV • Volt-ohm meter is used to measures voltage and resistance and to check the continuity of a cable. • Tone generator and probe is another troubleshooting tool which has the ability to identify wires, finding open circuits and short circuits, diagnosing crosstalk and other telecom tasks

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