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CHAPTER 10

CHAPTER 10. WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION. Why are river rocks round?. Tumbling in running water. What is weathering?. BREAK DOWN OF ROCK INTO SMALLER PIECES. Mechanical Weathering. Breaking rock apart by physically tearing it apart. List 6 agents of mechanical weathering. Ice Wind

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CHAPTER 10

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  1. CHAPTER 10 WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION

  2. Why are river rocks round? • Tumbling in running water

  3. What is weathering? • BREAK DOWN OF ROCK INTO SMALLER PIECES

  4. Mechanical Weathering • Breaking rock apart by physically tearing it apart

  5. List 6 agents of mechanical weathering • Ice • Wind • Water • Gravity • Plants • Animals

  6. ICE WEDGING • ICE EXPANDS AND CAUSES CRACKS TO WIDEN

  7. ICE WEDGING • file://\\hsa005\staff_docs$\wfrye\My Documents\Holt Middle\student\ch10\sec01\vc01\hz510_01_v01fs.htm • http://www.g&bih=636

  8. ABRASION • Rocks grind against each other

  9. Ventifact • Vent – wind • Fact – to make • So, “Wind made”

  10. A ventifact

  11. Toadstool rock

  12. “Root-pry” Plant roots will cause cracks to enlarge

  13. Animal activity • Burrowing exposes bedrock • Acids from wastes will chemically weather the rock

  14. Exfoliation • When rock layers “peel off” • Occurs when weight is removed from on top of rock layers

  15. What minerals are most affected by weathering? • Those that form at the highest temperature

  16. What minerals are least affected by weathering? • Those that form at the lowest temperature • Ex. Quartz

  17. CHEMICAL WEATHERING • BREAKDOWN OF ROCK BY CHEMICAL MEANS

  18. CHEMICAL WEATHERING • file://\\hsa005\staff_docs$\wfrye\My Documents\Holt Middle\student\ch10\sec01\vc02\hz510_01_v02fs.htm

  19. ACID PRECIPITATION • Formed by pollutants mixing with water vapor in the atmosphere

  20. What acid is formed in groundwater? • Carbonic – Carbon dioxide mixing with water • Same acid as in soda pop – “carbonated water”

  21. Hydrolysis • Chemical action of water on minerals

  22. Calcite • Easily dissolved by acids • Main ingredient of limestone

  23. How do caves form? • When acidified groundwater dissolves limestone

  24. Karst topography • Named after the Kars Plateau in Yugoslavia

  25. Karst topography • Refers to a region with many sinkholes, lost rivers, underground drainage

  26. Karst topography • The underlying bedrock is limestone (or easily dissolved minerals)

  27. How does a sinkhole form? • Forms when a cave collapses

  28. Need a parking spot?

  29. Idiot in action!!

  30. Stalactite • Hang from ceiling (“C”)

  31. Stalagmite • Grows from floor (“G”)

  32. Column • Forms when a stalactite and stalagmite meet

  33. Lichen • Refers to an algae plant and a fungus

  34. A lichen

  35. Another lichen

  36. Symbiosis • Refers to organisms living together for the mutual benefit of both

  37. OXIDATION • CHEMICAL REACTION OF AN ELEMENT WITH OXYGEN

  38. Rust • Oxidation of iron • Mars is red because of the iron oxide in its surface rock

  39. Oxidation • file://hsa005/staff_docs1$/wfrye/My%20Documents/Holt%20Middle/student/ch10/sec03/vc00/hz510_03_v00nv.htm

  40. Section 2 Rates of Weathering

  41. DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING • Different rocks weather at different rates

  42. DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING • EXAMPLE: • DEVILS TOWER p. 284 • file://\\hsa005\staff_docs$\wfrye\My Documents\Holt Middle\student\ch10\sec02\vc00\hz510_02_v00fs.htm

  43. LARGE ROCKS wear down slower than smaller pieces file://\\hsa005\staff_docs$\wfrye\My Documents\Holt Middle\student\ch10\sec02\vc01\hz510_02_v01fs.htm

  44. Small pieces weather faster • more surface area =faster weathering • Ice cube vs. crushed ice

  45. How does climate affect weathering? • Hot and dry – SLOW • Warm, humid - FAST

  46. How does elevation affect weathering? • High – Fast • Low – Slower • Steep slopes - Fast

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