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6.2 The Rise of Cities

6.2 The Rise of Cities. I. Medicine and the population explosion . The fight against disease Louis Pasteur develops vaccines, pasteurization and advocated germ theory. Germ theory is the link between microbes and diseases Robert Koch identifies bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

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6.2 The Rise of Cities

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  1. 6.2 The Rise of Cities

  2. I. Medicine and the population explosion • The fight against disease • Louis Pasteur develops vaccines, pasteurization and advocated germ theory. • Germ theory is the link between microbes and diseases • Robert Koch identifies bacteria that cause tuberculosis. • Hospital care improves. • Florence Nightingale introduces sanitary measures. • Joseph Lister discovers that antiseptics prevent infection.

  3. II. Life in the cities • City landscapes change. • City planners design the layout of cities. • Rich live on outskirts; poor crowd into city centers. • Urban renewal- rebuilding of poor areas of city • Sidewalks, sewers, and skyscrapers • Streets illuminated; sewer systems cut death rates. • Steel used to create skyscrapers.

  4. II. Life in the cities cont. • Slum conditions • Crowding • Crime • The lure of the city • Attracted by work, education • Attracted by entertainment

  5. III. Working-class struggles • Growth of labor unions • Mutual aid societies- self help groups to aid sick or injured workers • Workers use strikes to protest conditions. • Governments pass laws to improve working conditions. • Rising standards of living • Wage gaps between skilled and unskilled, men and women appear. • The quality and availability of necessities and luxuries rises.

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