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Adv Bio Unit 4 Study Guide

Adv Bio Unit 4 Study Guide. Parts of Chapters 14-16. Study. 1. Pasteur used curved neck flasks and left them open in his spontaneous generation experiments. The air came in, but the broth did not spoil with organisms.

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Adv Bio Unit 4 Study Guide

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  1. Adv Bio Unit 4 Study Guide Parts of Chapters 14-16

  2. Study 1. Pasteur used curved neck flasks and left them open in his spontaneous generation experiments. The air came in, but the broth did not spoil with organisms. 2. Spontaneous generation was offered as an explanation for the appearance of maggots on rotting meat. 3. Redi placed different kinds of meat into jars one he covered and the other he didn’t and observed the appearance of maggots. 4. The age of the Earth is estimated to be 4 billion years. 5. The formation of the Earth is NOT thought to have been brought about by collision of two stars. 6. The half-life of a radioactive isotope does not change. 7. If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 5,000 years the amount of radioactive isotope in a specimen will be left after 10,000 years is ¼ the original amount.

  3. Study 8. Aging fossils can be estimated by measuring the amount of a specific radioisotope in the fossil bones. 9. Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons. 10. Urey and Miller not use oxygen in their apparatus because oxygen was not believed to have been present in the Earth’s early atmosphere. 11. The difference between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis is that each differ in the source of energy used to produce organic molecules. 12. The surface of the Earth is protected from damaging UV radiation by ozone. 13. Things that can and are considered fossils include shells or bones, any traces of dead organisms, insects trapped in sap. 14. Animal fossils can be formed by the animal being buried in sediment, ocean floor, in swamps, in mud, in tar pits or the animals parts being replaced by harder minerals.

  4. Study 15. Darwin made his observations and drew his theory about organisms on the Galapagos Islands. 16. What did Darwin conclude about the finches he observed had different sized beaks. He concluded they had a common ancestry. 17. Why did Darwin think that animals on the Island he did his research would be similar to the animals on the coast of South America? Because he thought the animals’ ancestors had migrated from South America to the Galapagos Islands. 18. The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as adaptation. 19. Darwin’s major idea in his book, Origin of the Species” was that species change over time by natural selection. 20. Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less suited to the same environment..

  5. Study 21. Over time to populations of the same species living in different places will become increasingly different as each population becomes adapted to its own environment. 22. Scarcity of resources and a growing population are most likely to result in increased competition. 23. Since natural resources are limited, all organisms must compete for resources. 24. Homologous structures in organisms provide evidence that the organisms share a common ancestor. 25. Anatomical structures that no longer have a function, but are still present are referred are called vestigial. 26. The beak of a bird and the beak of a giant squid evolved independently and serve the same function. These beaks are analogous structures.

  6. Study 27. The accumulation of differences between populations that once formed a single population is called divergent evolution 28. The process in which two or more species become more adapted over time in each other’s presence is called coevolution. 29. Over the years plants and their pollinators have coevolved. 30. Artificial selection has been used by humans to speed up the process of divergent evolution. 31. A population can be described as a group of same species in a particular area. An example could be dogwood trees in Middleton, Connecticut.

  7. Study 32. Variation in genotypes is caused by recombination of genes as a result of sexual reproduction. 33. The movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration is called gene flow. 34. If you were studying the variation of traits in a fish population, what kinds of traits would be useful? Length of fish, color of fish, fin size. Not what the fish eats! 35. The type of speciation when new species arise as a result of geographic isolation is allopatric speciation.

  8. KNOW • These 35 items and you will do well!

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