ABC Book of History

1. ABC Book of History Brianna Carmony 3rd period 5-17-2011

2. Abolitionist- a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery. • Antifederalists- individuals who opposed ratification of the Constitution. • Arsenal- a storage place for weapons and ammunition. • Article- A part of a document, such as the Constitution, that deals with a single subject.

3. Blockade Runner- ship that sais into and out of a blockaded area. • Boomtown- a community experiencing a sudden growth in business of population. • Burgesses- elected representatives to an assembly. • Boycott- to refuse to buy items from a particular country.

4. Cabinet- a group of advisors to the president. Canal- an artificial waterway Casualty- a military person killed, wounded, or captured Checks and Balances- the system in which each branch of government has a check on the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful.

5. Depression- a period of low economic activity and wide spread unemployment Depreciate- to fall in value Dictator- a leader who rues with total authority, often in a cruel or brutal manner. Drought- a long period of time with little rainfall

6. Emancipate- to free from slavery Embargo- an order prohibition trade with another country. Emigrant- A person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere. Export- To sell goods abroad.

7. Famine- and extreme shortage of food Federalists- Supporters of the Constitution. Forty-Niners: People who went to California during the gold rush of 1849 Fugitive- Runaway of trying to run away

8. Global Warming- a steady increase in world temperature Guerrilla- referring to surprise attacks or raids rather than organized warfare Guerrilla Warfare- A hit-and-run technique issued in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes. Greenback- a piece of U.S paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War

9. H Henry, Patrick- made passionate speeches about independence from Britain. Habeas Corpus- a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned Hamilton, Alexander- First secretary of the Treasury of the United States. Human Rights- rights regarded as belonging to all persons, such as freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution.

10. Interchangeable Parts- Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces. Impressment- forcing people into service; as in the navy. Indian Territory- land reserved by the United States government for Native Americans, now the state of Oklahoma Industrial Revolution- A period of rapid growth started in Britain in the 1700s

11. J Judicial Review- Allows the court to interpret and apply laws that are constitutional. Jackson, Andrew- His style of government was known as “Jacksonian Democracy”. Jefferson, Thomas- Main author of the Declaration of Independence. Jones, John Paul- Founder of the U.S. Navy

12. K Kansas- state in the Central United States; fighting over slavery issue in 1850s gave territory the name “Bleeding Kansas”. Kentucky- State in the South Central United States; Border state that sided with the Union during the Civil War. Knox, Henry- Secretary of war for George Washington. Key, Francis Scott- wrote a poem called “The Star- Spangled Banner”.

13. Laissez- Faire: Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy. Legislative Branch- The branch of government that makes the nation’s laws. Loyalists- American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for Independence. Lee, Robert E.- Leader of the Confederate Army during the Civil War.

14. M Mayflower Compact- Male pilgrims signed this document to accept majority rule and to remain loyal to England. Majority- More than half. Madison, James- Father of the U.S. Constitution. Magna Carta- Declared that the King was bound by the citizens of England.

15. Native Americans- Tribes removed from their lands and sent to Indian Territory. Northwest Ordinance- Passed in1787, to set up a system for establishing settlements in the West. Nullification Crisis- To protect U.S. goods Congressed passed high taxes on all imported goods. Naturalized Citizen- Person born in a foreign country, who is granted full citizenship in another.

16. Ohio River Valley- Battle between Native Americans and white settlers over the land. Ohio- State in the North Central Untied States, which was the first state in the Northwest Territory. Oklahoma- State in the South Central United States; Five Civilized Tribes moved to the territory in 130-1842. Oregon Trail- Pioneer trail from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory.

17. P Patriots- American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American Independence was won. Paine, Thomas- He wrote an influential pamphlet encouraging colonists to free themselves from Britain and the King. Plantation System- System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership. Popular Sovereignty- Belief that political power rests with the people.

18. Quakers- Religious group, protestant dissent, society of friends believed everyone had inner light, leading them to salvation. Quartering troops: Amendment 3- No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without owner’s consent, or in time of war, unless prescribed by law. Quebec, Battle of- Quebec was thought to be impossible to attack. Officer James Wolfe found a poorly guarded path, they surprised and defeated the French army. Quebec Act- Set up permanent government for Quebec and granted religious freedom for French Catholics.

19. Ratify- To give official approval to. Republic- A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives. Revenue- Incoming money. Reservation- An area of public lands set aside for Native Americans.

20. Secede- To leave or withdraw. Secession- Withdraw from the Union. Smuggling- Trading illegally with other nations. Suffrage- The right to vote.

21. Tariff- A tax on imports or exports. Texas- State in the South Central United States; Mexican colony that became a republic before joining the United States. Tecumseh- A powerful Shawnee chief that built a confederacy among Native American nations in the Northwest. Tenth Amendment- Protects the states and the people from and all powerful federal government.

22. Unalienable Rights- A right that cannot be surrendered. Unconstitutional- Not agreeing or consistent with the Constitution. Underground Railroad- A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North. Utopia- Community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers.

23. Veto- to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law. Vigilantes- people who take the law into their own hands. Vicksburg- City and Civil War battle site in Western Mississippi on the Mississippi River. Valley Forge- Revolutionary War winter camp north of Philadelphia.

24. War Hawks- Republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britain. Writ of Assistance- Legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled.