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chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response

chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response. body defenses. innate/non-specific. specific/adaptable “immunity” lymphoid cells. epithelium, inflammation, fever, complement, interferon, macro & DCs. humoral. cell-mediated. non-self Ab & B cells.

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chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host: the immune response

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  1. chapter 17: specific/adaptable defenses of the host:the immune response

  2. body defenses innate/non-specific specific/adaptable “immunity” lymphoid cells epithelium, inflammation, fever, complement, interferon, macro & DCs humoral cell-mediated non-self Ab & B cells altered self APCs & T cells

  3. lymphoid cells: B cells & T cells • naïve lymphocytes • highly specific (Ag) • >106 at a time • billions made/day • live weeks to months

  4. lymphoid cell activation: B cells & T cells bloodstream

  5. adaptable cells bind Antigen (Ag), not PAMP Ag: bound by WBC receptors • BCell Receptor (BCR) • TCell Receptors (TCR) • Immunoglobulin (Ig) /Antibody (Ab)

  6. getting info to lymphocytes naïve B cells and T cells live in lymph nodes, Ag comes to them

  7. humoral immunityT cell independent response: weak, short,  affinity • activation takes several h • plasma cells w/in 1 wk • memory cells w/in 2 wks

  8. antibodies (Ab) acute phase memory

  9. results of Ag-Ab binding

  10. Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) • Ab-bound target cell lysed by natural killer (NK) cells & eosinophils • helper T cells enhance action of NK & eosinophils NK cells activated by antibodies • NK Fc receptor recognizes the Fc portion of Ab bound to target cell • NK cell releases cytokines and cytotoxic granules • these enter the target cell and trigger apoptosis large parasites are too big for phagocytosis & integument is resistant • IgE coats parasites • Fc receptor of eosinophil recognizes IgE • helminth-bound IgE causes the eosinophil to degranulate (release cytotoxins from granules)

  11. cell-mediated immunity:Major HistoCompatibility molecules & T cell receptors

  12. CD8 TC cells & MHC Class I molecules ALL body cells

  13. MHC class I molecules & Cytotoxic T (Tc) cells perforin production granzyme production

  14. CD4 THcells & MHC Class II molecules APCs only

  15. THcell activation by APCs: MHC Class II

  16. T cell memory

  17. the “helper” T cell

  18. lymphocyte response

  19. comparing the innate & adaptive responses

  20. coordinated innate & immune attack

  21. coordinated humoral & cell-mediated attack

  22. chapter 17 learning objectives • What kinds of pathogens do the humoral and cell-mediated branches of the immune system target? How do the terms self, non-self and altered-self relate to this discussion? • What are the differences between T cells and B cells, in terms of place of maturation and receptors? • What is the lymph system? What is the difference between lymph, interstitial fluid and blood? • Where are MHC class I, MHC class II, BCRs and TCRs found? • In class, we discussed three ways that B cells can be activated and clonally selected. Understand how each of these results in the production of both plasma cells and memory cells. • Both macrophages and dendritic cells are members of the innate defenses that routinely phagocytize pathogens. How are they different? • Draw and label the structure of an antibody molecule. Include the following components: light chain, heavy chain, variable region, constant region, disulfide bonds, antigen binding site, and antigen. Compare and contrast IgG and IgM. • What five things result from the binding of Ab to Ag? How do the two types of Ab-dependent Cell-mediated cytotoxicity discussed in class differ? • What kind of cells produce MHC class I molecules? Which produce MHC class II? Which T cells interact with these and what does the interaction between T cell and MHC molecule cause? • Compare and contrast the Helper T cell and the Cytotoxic T cell (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) • How is memory produced in the cell mediated branch of the immune system? • Distinguish between the antibody-mediated (humoral) immune system and T cell-mediated immune system. Know the steps and key players in both. • Which is the best lymphocyte response for: extracellular bacteria, intracellular vesicular bacteria, viruses and helminths? • Compare and contrast innate and adaptable defenses for: response time, specificity, memory, & location of defense

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