Chapter 4

1. Chapter 4 Respiratory and Excretory Systems

2. Respiratory System Webquest & Quiz Webquest: Quiz: http://kidshealth.org/kid/cancer_center/HTBW/lungs.html http://kidshealth.org/kid/quizzes/RSquiz.html

5. Brainpop • https://www.brainpop.com/search/?keyword=respiratory+system • Read Section 4.1 “The Respiratory System” pp. 112-120 • Take Notes on: • The functions of the respiratory system (there are 2) • The path outside air takes into the body • Muscles used for breathing and the breathing process.

7. Respiration – Khan Video (12 min.) http://www.schooltube.com/video/bd7bf139c9c34a9d8eaa/The%20Respiratory%20System Frayer Model Notes

8. Respiration

9. Respiration Read 4.2 & 4.3: pp. 122-131

10. 4.2 Smoking and Your Health • Chemical in Tobacco Smoke: • Deadly chemicals found in smoke: tar, carbon monoxide, and nicotine • Tar – dark, sticky and settles on cilia causing it to clump together. Carcinogen • Carbon monoxide – colorless, odorless gas that binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells reducing oxygen carried throughout the body. • Nicotine – stimulant drug, makes heart beat faster and increases blood pressure. Responsible for causing addiction to tobacco.

11. 4.2 Smoking and Your Health • Health Problems and Smoking: • Cilia cannot sweep away mucus and causes limited airflow • Strains the circulatory system • Chronic bronchitis – irritation of the breathing passages and passages become narrower.

12. 4.2 Smoking and Your Health • Emphysema – Damaged lung tissue, causing those infected inadequate oxygen. Damage in permanent

13. 4.2 Smoking and Your Health • Lung Cancer - Cigarette smoking contains more than 50 different chemicals that cause cancer (carcinogens). Causes cancerous growths, tumors and inhibit gas exchange.

14. 4.2 Smoking and Your Health • Astherosclerosis – Affects circulatory system and walls of blood vessels. A buildup of fatty material on the blood vessels. Leads to heart attacks (smokers are TWICE as likely to have heart attacks) • Passive Smoking – When people involuntarily inhale smoke from other people’s cigarettes, cigars, or pipes. Smoke contains SAME harmful smoke that smokers inhale causing asthma, bronchitis, and all of the above.

15. 4.3 The Excretory System • Excretion is the removal of wastes from the body. • The excretory system is the system in the body that collects wastes produced by cells and removes the wastes from the body. • The Excretory System eliminates urea, water, and other wastes. • Includes: • Kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethera • Wastes are eliminated in urine Urinary System Brainpop: https://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/urinarysystem/

16. 4.3 The Excretory System

17. 4.3 The Excretory System

18. 4.3 The Excretory System Filtration of Wastes: 1.) Blood flows from an artery into a nephron in the kidney 2.) Blood reaches a cluster of capillaries. There, urea, water, glucose, and other materials are filtered out of the blood. These materials pass into a capsule that surrounds the capillaries 3.) The materials that were removed from the blood pass into a long, twisting tube. The tube is surrounded by capillaries. 4.) As the filtered material flows through the tube, most of the water and glucose are reabsorbed into the blood. Most of the urea stays in the tube. 5.) After the reabsorbing process is complete, the liquid that remains in the tube is called urine.

19. 4.3 The Excretory System Urine Analysis: Dr.’s check urine for signs of disease by checking it for protein and/or glucose. Neither should be present in urine and if it is it is a sign of diabetes or kidney failure. Excretion and Homeostasis: Excretions maintians homeostasis by keeping the body’s internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of chemicals. Other organs that help maintain homeostasis are lungs, skin and liver.

20. 4.3 The Excretory System Excretion and Homeostasis: Kidneys: regulate the amount of water in your body and remove waste. Lungs and Skin: help kidneys remove some waste line carbon dioxide and water. Sweat also gets rid of some urea and water. Liver: helps break down wastes

21. Chapter 4 “Respiration and Excretion” Study Guide Fill in the blank. Cilia are tiny _________________ and used to sweep _____________________ from the nose into the throat. The pharynx allows both air and _____________ to pass through. ____________________ is taken into the body through the respiratory system. The excretory system’s major organ is the _____________________________. Urea is produced as a waste product when ____________________ are broken down in the body. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous, __________________ and ___________________ gas produced when tobacco is burned. People with lung cancer have _______________________ on their lungs. The urinary bladder is the sacklike organ that stores ______________________. Vocal cords produce _________________ when moving ___________________ causes them to ___________________________. An addiction is a physical dependence on a substance such as ____________________________. Alveoli is responsible for __________________________ ________________________ hairs mucus food Oxygen kidney proteins colorless odorless tumors urine sound air vibrate tobacco/nicotine gas exchange

22. Bronchi are the _____________________________ that direct air into the ___________________. Ureters are narrow tubes that _____________________________ flows out of kidneys through. Emphysema is a _______________________________ that causes permanent ____________________ damage to the lungs. Tar coats the ________________________ of a smoker and makes them clump together. Tar is the dark sticky substance produced when ________________________ burns. __________________________ is a chemical process that takes place inside the body’s cells. The diaphragm is primarily responsible for air moving in and out of the _________________________. The pharynx is a part of both the respiratory system and the ______________________ system. During respiration your body uses ________________ and ____________________ to produce energy. tubes lungs urine disease tissue cilia tobacco Respiration lungs digestive glucose oxygen

23. Be prepared to write about the following: How the processes in the alveoli and in the nephrons both involve excretion. In both processes, substances are removed from the body. In the alveoli, the substances are carbon dioxide and water. In the nephrons, the substances are urea and water. How your kidneys maintain homeostasis. Your kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing wastes and regulating the amount of water in your body. Which organs of excretion are important for maintaining water balance in the body. The kidneys are the organ primarily responsible for maintaining water balance. Water is also lost through the skin and lungs. What path air travels from the outside environment into the lungs, as well as what happens to the air as it passes through our respiratory system. Air passes through the nose, into the pharynx, through the trachea, and into the bronchi before reaching the alveoli in the lungs. In the nose and throat, air is warmed and moistened. Cilia and mucus in the nose and throat help to clean the air. In the alveoli, oxygen from the air moves into the blood. Be able to label the organs of excretion.