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Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams. A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the conditions of temperature and pressure under which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, a gas, or some combination of these in equilibrium. Generalized Phase Diagram. AD = fusion curve (solid/liquid). Critical point.

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Phase Diagrams

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  1. Phase Diagrams • A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the conditions of temperature and pressure under which a substance exists as a solid, liquid, a gas, or some combination of these in equilibrium.

  2. Generalized Phase Diagram AD = fusion curve (solid/liquid) Critical point AC = vapor pressure curve (liquid/gas) Triple point AB = sublimation curve (gas/solid)

  3. Boiling Point and Critical Point • Boiling point: the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure. • Normal boiling point: boiling point at 1 atm. • Critical temperature (Tc): the highest temperature at which a liquid can exist. • The critical pressure, Pc, is the vapor pressure at the critical temperature. • The condition corresponding to a temperature of Tc and a pressure of Pc is called the critical point.

  4. The Critical Point T increases, vapor density increases (more vapor molecules), liquid density decreases. Past Tc, the densities of liquid and vapor are the same; one phase. Room temperature; relatively little vapor with low density.

  5. Phase Diagram For CO2 When solid CO2 at –100oC and 1 atm is warmed to room temperature, what phase change(s) take place?

  6. Phase Diagram For H2O Starting with water vapor at 0.0001 atm and –1oC, what phase changes occur as the pressure is increased?

  7. Phase Diagram For HgI2 As the vessel cools, will the contents appear more red or more yellow? HgI2 has two solid phases; red and yellow.

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