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Chemical Analysis

Chemical Analysis. Chemists play an important role in society by monitoring our environment to ensure that it remains healthy and safe and that pollution is tackled as it arises.

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Chemical Analysis

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  1. Chemical Analysis Chemists play an important role in society by monitoring our environment to ensure that it remains healthy and safe and that pollution is tackled as it arises. A variety of methods exist which enable chemists to monitor the environment both qualitatively and quantitatively, such as acid/base titration, precipitation, flame testing. Titrations Remember the titration calculation in unit 1 – Pa x Va x Ca = Pb x Vb x Cb(where P is the number of H+ or OH- in the acid/alkali, C is the concentration and V is the volume) The concentration of an acid or alkali can be calculated by carrying out an experiment called a titration. During a titration experiment ROUGH results should NEVER be used in calculations. The average volume used in a titration is calculated by adding together the two values within 0.2cm3 of each other and dividing by two. An indicator is used to the end point of a titration (usually via a colour change.) Chromatography Chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of coloured compounds. Mixtures that are suitable for separation by chromatography include inks, dyes and colouring agents in food. Precipitation A precipitation reaction occurs when two solutions react together to produce another solution and a solid. We can use page 8 of the data book to work out whether or not a compound is soluble or insoluble. The solid is classed as an insoluble salt (precipitate). e.g. Lead (II) Nitrate + Sodium Iodide Lead (II) Iodide + Sodium Nitrate Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + NaI2 (aq) PbI2 (s) + NaNO3 (aq) This precipitation reaction is also a displacement reaction (i.e. the metals swap places)

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