Methods general field methods and energetics

1. Methodsgeneral field methods and energetics • Capture methods • Marking Field Animals • Body Measurements • Telemetry

2. Small mammals: Tomahawk Sherman Capture Methods Two most common traps: Pitfall

3. Tomahawk traps Snap traps Darting Capture Methods Larger mammals: Box trap Snare

4. Cannon net Capture Methods Birds: Walk-in trap Mist net Raptor Trap http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gi9NJBOWHuo

5. Capture Methods Reptiles: Hoop Net (aquatic reptiles and fish) Pit trap Noose capture

6. Capture Methods amphibians: Pit traps Noose capture Net (aquatic) Mostly, you just walk up to them and pick them up

7. Ear clipping Marking Field Animals mammals pit tags Ear tags fish birds Leg bands Toe clipping Reptiles Amphibians Small mammals

8. Tarsus Birds Most Mammals Keel Turtles: carapace width Most Reptiles Snout-vent length Tail length ± Body length Body Measures Body Size = some measure of skeletal size WHY? Body Weight = mass in mg, g, kgs

9. Mass by Body Size 36 34 32 30 Mass (g) 28 26 24 22 20 18 19 20 21 22 23 Keel 1. Body Condition Index B) Graph mass by body size evaluate residuals A) Calculate Body Condition Index • Body condition is a measure of the energetic content of a given body size • Generally two ways to evaluate it: BCI = body mass some measure of body size Can graph this against a trait # offspring produced 0 +10 -10 Residual mass But this does not correct for mean population size Most common method, but 2009 newer method recommended

10. Mass by Body Size 36 34 32 30 Mass (g) 28 26 24 22 20 18 19 20 21 22 23 Keel 1. Body Condition Index B) Graph mass by body size evaluate residuals This assumes linear relationship between mass and size But it doesn’t usually. It’s not ISOMETRIC, It’s ALLOMETRIC # offspring produced So incorporate Y=aMb 0 +10 -10 Most common method, but 2009 newer method recommended Residual mass

11. Snout-vent Length weight Alligators in the Everglades

12. 2. Fluctuating Asymmetry • Measure the symmetry of left and right body parts • Animals strive for symmetry • The level of asymmetry in a population is supposed to be indicative of a stressful environment during development

13. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, or physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

14. Radiotelemetry 3 strategies

15. Snow Storm, May 2002 SNOW HIGH WINDS A) Presence/Absence--automated Antenna Solar panel Battery Receiver Data logger

16. 900 700 % change in activity range 500 300 100 0 -100 CORT implant blank implant treatment B) Manual Localization Example: CORT in sparrows

17. C) Multi-tower localization--automated State of the Art Telemetry project Barro Colorado Island, Panama Martin Wikelski, Director of Max Planck Institute for Ornithology http://www.princeton.edu/~wikelski/

18. localization C) Multi-tower localization--automated overview antenna Heart rate

19. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

20. Satellite Telemetry

21. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, or physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

22. Biotelemetry Weddell Seal Work in the Antarctic

23. Telemetry • Radiotelemetry: • transmitter size can be quite small (<1 g) • Transmission distance limited by geography • Relatively inexpensive ($150 per transmitter) • Can transmit location, movement, some physiological data • Satellite Telemetry (GPS): • Larger transmitters (>30 g) • No limitation on transmission distance • Extraordinarily expensive ($10,000 per trans) • Can transmit location, movement, or physiological data • Biotelemetry • Can record heart rate, depth, movement, speed • Usually the unit on the animal must be retrieved to download the data

24. Methodsgeneral field methods and energetics • Capture methods • Marking Field Animals • Body Measurements • Telemetry