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Chapter 3 Part 2

Chapter 3 Part 2. Israel and Phoenicians. Israel, 2000-500 B.C.E. Traces heritage to Abraham, son Isaac, and grandson Jacob Originally migrating pastoralists Eventually taken as slaves in Egypt, according to Hebrew Bible lead out by Moses

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Chapter 3 Part 2

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  1. Chapter 3 Part 2 Israel and Phoenicians

  2. Israel, 2000-500 B.C.E. • Traces heritage to Abraham, son Isaac, and grandson Jacob • Originally migrating pastoralists • Eventually taken as slaves in Egypt, • according to Hebrew Bible lead out by Moses • wandered in wilderness of Sinai, given Ten Commandments

  3. King Solomon (960-920 B.C.E.) • Took control of Palestine • Large bureaucracy, chariot army • Built First Temple: to strengthen link between religious and secular authority • Priests became wealthy and prestigious

  4. After Solomon’s death, Israel split: Israel (capital at Samaria) in north and Judah (capital Jerusalem) in south • United to fight Neo-Assyrian Empire BUT in 721 B.C.E. Assyrians conquered Israel and deported much of Israelites to the east • Caused Diaspora – dispersion or scattering of Jews since no independent Israel

  5. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E. • Population of Syria-Palestine = Phoenicians, referred to themselves as Canaanites • Little Phoenician writing survives • Little known about internal affairs of cities but Tyre is a major city

  6. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E. • Major trade network spanning the entire Mediterranean • Tyre fell to Assyria in 701 B.C.E. • Phoenicians and Greeks fought for control of Sicily, Phoenicians won by mid-third century B.C.E.

  7. Greek and Phoenician Colonies and Trade

  8. Carthage • Phoenician colony founded 814 B.C.E. • Located in North Africa and one of the largest cities in the world by 500 B.C.E. • Dominate navy – controlled western Mediterranean • Didn’t rule large amount of territory (like Assyria); allowed Phoenician communities to remain independent but protected by Carthage • Major focus on trade rather than military; used mercenaries • Practiced child sacrifices to gods in times of crisis

  9. Failure and Transformation, 750-550 B.C.E. • Assyrian destroyed in 612 B.C.E.; attacked by: • Babylonia revived by Chaldaean dynasty • Medes, Iranian people

  10. Failure and Transformation, 750-550 B.C.E. • Depopulation of Mesopotamia • Neo-Babylonian kingdom (626-539 B.C.E.) took most of Assyrian territory • King Nebuchadnezzar helped led to growth and cultural renaissance

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