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Types of small engines

Types of small engines. Two stoke- two cycle engine Four stroke- four cycle engine Stroke= movement of the piston within the cylinder. Two Stroke Engines. Two stroke advantages Don’t have valves Quick power- fire every revolution Lighter/cheaper

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Types of small engines

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  1. Types of small engines • Two stoke- two cycle engine • Four stroke- four cycle engine • Stroke= movement of the piston within the cylinder

  2. Two Stroke Engines • Two stroke advantages • Don’t have valves • Quick power- fire every revolution • Lighter/cheaper • All orientations- no issue with oil delivery • Two stroke disadvantages • No lubrication system- shorter life • Expensive oil/less efficient fuel

  3. Four Stroke Engines • Four stroke advantages • More power • Longer lasting • More efficient with fuel/oil • Four stroke disadvantages • Complicated • Heavy • More expensive • Limited orientation

  4. Basic Cycles of a 4 Stroke • Intake- piston goes down, valves open • Goal: Air/fuel mixture enters cylinder • Compression- piston heads up, valves close • Goal: Creates pressure • Power- piston pushed down, valves closed • Goal: Spark ignites gases • Exhaust- piston moves up, valves open • Goal: Exhausted mixture pushed out of engine • Repeat!

  5. Ignition System

  6. Purpose • Produce a spark within the spark plug • Ignites air/fuel mixture • Timing is essential

  7. Electron Theory • Electrons travel in orbits around the center of an atom • Electrons carry a negative charge • Protons carry a positive charge • Neutrons carry no charge

  8. Conductors allow electrons to move from one atom to another easily. • Electrons travel when a circuit is complete & there is a difference in charge

  9. Producing Electricity • Mechanically- generator run by water • Chemically- batteries • Statically- lightning

  10. Measuring Electricity • Amperes- rate of electron flow • Volts- force that causes electrons to flow • Ohm’s- resistance to electron flow

  11. Magnets & electricity Magnets have north & south poles Opposite attract Magneto system- Electricity can be made through magnets

  12. Magneto System • Armature the armature is shaped like a capital "U". The two ends of the U point toward the flywheel. • A primary coil of perhaps 200 turns of thick wire wrapped around one leg of the U • A secondary coil of perhaps 20,000 turns of very thin wire wrapped around the primary coil • Breaker points • A pair of strong permanent magnets embedded in the engine's flywheel.

  13. Steps in magneto System • 1. Magnets fly past the U-shaped armature, • Creates a magnetic field • Small amount of current in coils

  14. A breaker point opens. This switch breaks the flow of current through the primary coil and causes a voltage spike (of perhaps 200 volts). The secondary coil, having 100 times more turns than the primary coil, amplifies this voltage to approximately 20,000 volts • Sparks instant that breaker point opens

  15. Spark Plug • Center electrode- runs through middle • Carries high voltage current to the spark gap. • Jumps gap • Creates spark • Ignites air/fuel mixture

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