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Español 2H. Gramática 5.2. To express a negative idea in English, you often use a negative word followed by an affirmative word. In Spanish, negative ideas sometimes require two negative words, called a double negative.
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Español 2H Gramática 5.2
To express a negative idea in English, you often use a negative word followed by an affirmative word. In Spanish, negative ideas sometimes require two negative words, called a double negative.
Indefinite words refer to non-specific people, things, or situations and can be affirmative or negative. Afirmative words: Algo- something Alguien- someone Algún/alguno(a)- some o…o- either… or Siempre- always También- also
Negative words: Nada- nothing Nadie- no one Ningún/ninguno(a)- none, not at all Ni… ni- neither… nor Nunca- never Tampoco- neither, either
Alguno(a) and ninguno(a) havedifferentformsbeforemasculine singular nouns. • Alguno becomes algún • Quiero algún filete.- I wantsomesteak • Ninguno becomes ningún • No quiero ningún plato con carne.- I don notwantanydishwithmeat.
A double negative is required in Spanish when no comes before the verb. Indefinite words that follow no must be negative. No veo nada.- I do not see anything.
When alguien or nadie istheobject of a verb, itis preceded bythe personal a. Conozco a alguien de España. No, no a nadie de España.
Práctica Siempreesdivertidotrabajar en un restaurante.
Los clientes no van a pedirni el polloasadoni los espaguetis.
Indirect Object Pronouns Indirect object pronouns answer the question to whom or for whom the action is being performed. Me Nos TeOs Le Les
Direct Object Prounous Direct object pronouns answer the question who or what in relation to the verb. Me Nos TeOs Lo, la Los, las
Double Object Pronouns • When two object pronouns are used in the same sentence in English, the direct object pronoun often appears first after the verb, and the indirect object pronoun becomes the object of the preposition. • The waiter bring Elena the bill. • The waiter brings itto her.
In Spanish, direct object pronouns and indirect object pronouns appear before the conjugated verb. In sentences with both object pronouns, the indirect object pronoun comes first. (RID) • La camarero nos trajo el caldo a Juan y a mí. • The waitress brought the broth to Juan and me. • La camareranos lo trajo. • The waitress brought it to us.
Infinitive or –NDO (ING) When a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive or a verb in the –ndo (ING) form, you can put the pronouns before the conjugated verb, or you can attach them to the infinitive or –ndo (ING) form. Me los vas a pedir. OR Vas a pedírmelos. Me los estás pidiendo. OR Estás pidiéndomelos.
Accents Me los vas a pedir. OR Vas a pedírmelos. Me los estás pidiendo. OR Estás pidiéndomelos. Accentmarks: Ifyouaddonepronountoaninfinitive, NO accentisneeded. Ifyouaddtwopronounstoaninfinitiveanaccentmarkisneededonthe a, e, or i of theinfinitive. Ifyouaddoneortwopronounstoan –ndo (ING) form, anaccentmarkisneededonthe a or e of the ando oriendo.
Commands When a pronoun(s) is used with a command, the pronouns must come before a negative command or attached to a positive command. Tráiganos el caldo a Juan y a mí. Tráiganoslo. No traiga el caldo a Juan y a mí. No nos lo traiga.
Accents Tráiganos el caldo a Juan y a mí. Tráiganoslo. No traiga el caldo a Juan y a mí. No nos lo traiga. Accents: When you add one pronoun to a positive command, count back three syllables and add an accent mark. If you add two pronouns to a postive command, count back four syllables and add an accent mark. No accent is needed when using pronouns with negative commands.
Double l’s • If both pronouns start with the letter l, change the indirect object prounoun to se. • Le pedí la cuenta al camarero. • I askedthewaiterforthebill. • Se la pedí. • I askedhimforit. • Puedo llevar el té a esas mujeres. Puedo llevárselo.
Práctica Voy a llevar el polloasado al cliente.
