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A-801 Wednesday Section

A-801 Wednesday Section. Wednesday, 17th October, 2012 11 – 12.30 p.m. Roadmap for today. House keeping Paper II – Lit Review Problem Tree Analysis How do we apply this stuff? Questions/AOB? Feedback – sticky notes. Housekeeping. Next section – Nell will take over

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A-801 Wednesday Section

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  1. A-801 Wednesday Section Wednesday, 17th October, 2012 11 – 12.30 p.m.

  2. Roadmap for today • House keeping • Paper II – Lit Review • Problem Tree Analysis • How do we apply this stuff? • Questions/AOB? • Feedback – sticky notes

  3. Housekeeping • Next section – Nell will take over • Paper 2 – please begin early • No office hrs. next week – may do some via. Skype (internet permitting)

  4. Where are we-

  5. Problem Tree Analysis “Your problem definition should not include an implicit solution introduced by semantic carelessness. Projected solutions must be evaluated empirically and not legitimated merely by definition. Therefore, keep the problem definition stripped down to a mere description, and leave open where you will look for solutions.” (Bardach, 2009, pg. 7)

  6. Example “New schools are being built too slowly.” vs. “There are too many schoolchildren relative to the currently available classroom space.”

  7. LogFrame Problem Analysis Tree • List all the problems that come to mind. Problems need to be carefully identified: they should be existing problems, not possible, imagined or future ones. The problem is an existing negative situation, it is not the absence of a solution. • Identify a core problem (this may involve considerable trial and error before settling on one). • Determine which problems are “Causes” and which are “Effects.” • Arrange in hierarchy both Causes and Effects, i.e., how do the causes relate to each other - which leads to the other, etc.

  8. What is a Literature Review? According to Richard Elmore… • “A Lit Review is an assessment of a body of research that bears on a question” • “Literature reviews work best when they are framed clearly around a question or a series of questions—that is, where the writer interrogates the literature on the reader’s behalf”

  9. Investigative Strategies • Start by researching your question using online tools: ERIC and HOLLIS • Hone your question based on initial research • Make an appointment with a HGSE Research Librarian • Find 1-2 key pieces of literature that addresses your question, use their citations list to find more sources • Read lit reviews of articles on related subjects

  10. Gathering Data • Start broadly and then begin eliminating studies that do not specifically answer your question • Look for patterns in the literature • Look for disagreements in the literature • Based on what the literature says, start developing your argument (your answer to your RQ) • Look for evidence that both confirms and disconfirms your argument

  11. Drawing Conclusions from Data • Lead the reader through selected patterns that emerge from the literature • Organization is key! • The literature review should provide you with a clearly drawn set of conclusions about what the research does and does not say • One strategy: • Begin with the obvious answer to your research question • Then “unpack” the assumptions behind it and provide evidence that confirms or contradicts it from the literature

  12. Key Points • Analyze each work critically • Describe its • Assumptions • Strengths • Limitations • Remember to also include what the literature does NOT say and why • Convey importance of subject (the “so what”) • Translate theory into action

  13. Dos and Don’ts • Do: • Stay within the page limit • Use headings to organize your paper • Provide a “road map” in the introduction • Don’t: • Summarize large pieces of factual information (be analytical, not descriptive) • Use jargon • Forget to edit! Avoid spelling errors and grammatical problems by having a friend proofread

  14. Research & Policy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBQ2xm5ePCw • Google – It takes a village to raise a school Dana Burde – click on the 1st link

  15. Overview of Context Afghan Women • Following on cold war: • Attacks on institutions, homes and families • Limitations on where to work or school without male representatives • Could not wear bright colors etc • Gender inequalities • New tradition not adapted to situation – even stricter rules for women to abide by; forced women into even smaller confined environment; vulnerable group as women and as girls in school

  16. Developed through fieldwork in Afghanistan and Pakistan over 35 years: World Bank Strategy for Afghanistan

  17. Sticky Notes • 1 thing that you enjoyed • 1 thing that you didn’t enjoy as much

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