Chapter Seven

1. http://www.jacksbromeliads.com/mayancivilizationii.htm http://www.spain-flag.eu/ Chapter Seven How did geography and history affect the worldviews of the Aztec and the Spanish?

2. Outcomes (8.3.4) • What were the key elements of the worldview of the Aztec civilization prior to contact with the Spanish? • How did the Aztec civilization’s worldview influence the Aztecs’ choices, decisions and customs? • What key elements of Spain’s worldview led to the desire to expand the Spanish empire?

3. Geography A look at the Aztec’s and Spanish geographic features: http://bistodeau.wordpress.com/6th-grade-social-studies-2/

4. Geography Aztecs • Lived in Mexico which has deserts (the north), mountains (central), tropical rainforests (south), ranchland, farmland, and seacoasts (east/west) • Most societies lived in the Valley of Mexico (central) • Including the Aztecs • There were different ecological zones in the Mexican basin that the Aztecs had to deal with

5. http://www.reformation.org/washington-mexican-lobby.html

6. http://ghostowndoc.blogspot.ca/2011/09/ancient-glory-of-tenochtitlan.htmlhttp://ghostowndoc.blogspot.ca/2011/09/ancient-glory-of-tenochtitlan.html

7. Geography Spanish • Makes up 80% of the Iberian Peninsula • Located on the Atlantic Ocean (one of the main reasons why they wanted to explore/colonize… ) • Has several large mountain ranges and fast rivers • Rainy in the north and dry central and in the south • Spain was made up of individual kingdoms because of the separation from the rivers and the mountains

8. http://www.globaltravelmate.com/europe/spain/98-spain-map.htmlhttp://www.globaltravelmate.com/europe/spain/98-spain-map.html

9. History Affecting Worldview How did the history of the Aztecs and the Spanish affect their worldviews? http://www.worldviewpub.com/users.php

10. http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Birds/Avian-migration.html http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/176848.html Aztecs – The Long Migration STORY TIME!!!!!

11. Gods in Aztec’s Lives • Controlled every aspect of their lives • Looked to the Gods for signs of how to live • Polytheistic society (many Gods) • Not all Gods were on the same level (some more powerful) • Tenochtitlan was centre of the world

12. http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/mexgods.htm Fun Information about Aztec Gods Here are some examples of Aztec Gods

13. Huitzilopochtli • Whets-eel-oh-pock-tlee • Led the Aztecs to their homeland • Many people were sacrificed in his honour • Tribal and warlike • Known as the “Omen God” • Fought against darkness, he was the God of the Sun • One of the most celebrated deities • Had a huge temple in Tenochtitlan • Over 20000 people sacrificed during opening of the temple in 4 days…

14. http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/huiz.htm http://www.ancientmexico.biz/ancient-mexico-blog/legend-of-aztec-origins/ http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/index.php?one=azt http://students.ou.edu/M/Rebecca.S.Mc-Guffin-1/graphics.html

15. Tezcatlipoca • Tez-cah-tlee-poh-kah • Most powerful of the Gods • Name means “Smoking Mirror” • Looked at visions of the future • Lord of the night sky • Always fighting with Huitzilophtil • Carried 4 arrows to punish the sins of man • Made wars between people • Would decide babies’ fates • Represented by a jaguar • Owned a mirror that would smoke and kill his enemies

16. http://gureiduson.deviantart.com/art/JF-III-Tezcatlipoca-Deus-68433480http://gureiduson.deviantart.com/art/JF-III-Tezcatlipoca-Deus-68433480 http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/tezcatli.htm http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/index.php?one=azt http://ferv.deviantart.com/art/Tezcatlipoca-remake-121378573 http://www.vizworld.com/2009/08/robin-georges-tezcatlipoca-now-online/

17. Quetzalcoatl • Ket-zal-coh-ahtl • Name means feathered serpent • Left people after fight with Tezcatipoca but was prophesized to return and destroy Aztec empire • God of wind • Men are his children • Discovered corn • Slaves were sacrificed to him • Serpents are animal associated with him

18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl http://people.tribe.net/f7a3d649-1972-4af4-bc93-bd89e6c3c77a/blog/1506ffc1-a033-42ea-9b6d-9cae5518a4fb http://gureiduson.deviantart.com/art/Tezcatlipoca-vs-Quetzalcoatl-67494189 http://www.spectraleyes.com/gallery/sketchbook/quetzalcoatl?full=1

19. Tlaloc • Tlah-lzok • God of rain • Most feared God because he controlled the Aztec’s survival • Could cause floods or famine • Would drown children to appease him or dress up prisoners like him and kill them • Portrayed as a man with monster head • Many rituals to him (including climbing naked and painted black up a mountain)

20. http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/tlaloc.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlaloc http://the-kundalini.com/tlaloc/

21. Creation Stories • Believed that the Gods had created and destroyed the world four times • Were living in the fifth created world, known as the fifth sun • Felt it was their duty to keep the sun alive so it did not destroy them • Traditional stories reveal beliefs • Turn to page 258 in your text book

22. History of Spain http://www.southofnirvana.com/

23. The Visigoths • From the time of the Romans • Started on their own (in Spain) because the Romans were getting weaker • Converted to Catholisism • 600-700 AD they became weak • Arabs invaded and took them over in 711

24. Muslim Spain http://web.mac.com/jakehartsfield/iWeb/Cordoba/Mosques.html http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his111/Notes/Mosque.html • Many Christians then converted to Islam (not all) • Muslims wanted to create national identity • Created a mosque in the city of Cordoba

25. Arab Islamic World • Spain became part of the Arab Islamic World • Became part of the largest economic trade zone • People from many different cultures went to Spain • Goods and ideas were spread and exchanged • From the Renaissance… what does this remind you of?

26. Muslim Art and Architecture • Big supporters of the arts: music, art and architecture • Had to reflect Islamic values • Most works of art used designs and written script because the Muslims didn’t want idolatry to establish • Blind or excessive devotion to something

27. http://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/700-01587208/Alhambra-Granada-Spainhttp://www.masterfile.com/stock-photography/image/700-01587208/Alhambra-Granada-Spain http://surfacefragments.blogspot.ca/2010/11/in-defense-of-decorative-painting.html http://www.flickrwire.com/?page=4

28. http://www.andalucia.com/cities/granada/alhamhistory.htm http://www.iho-ohi.org/index.php/category/spain/ http://www.kelanaconvoy.co.uk/spain.htm http://architecture.about.com/od/greatbuildings/ig/New-Wonders/ALHAMBRA_Int_lassic_H.htm Alhambra Palace

29. Learning and Muslims • Very valued in Muslim society • Helped in the understanding of the universe and ethics • World’s first university was established in Cairo(971) • Cordoba, Seville, and Granada (all in Spain) became centres for learning

30. Learning Continued • Discussed medicine and science • Muslim/Jewish scholars translated books/essays of the Ancient Greeks • Admired the Greeks • Knew more than the Europeans because they looked at the Greeks

31. Religious Tolerance • Muslim Spain was tolerant of other religions • Allowed religious minorities in Spain Do you think that this would benefit the Muslim empire? http://traditionsacrosseurope.wordpress.com/2008/05/29/tradition-of-religious-tolerance-in-poland/

32. http://sologak1.blogspot.ca/2009/07/religious-tolerance-in-rumis-poetry.htmlhttp://sologak1.blogspot.ca/2009/07/religious-tolerance-in-rumis-poetry.html Muslim Spain… Not going to fly…

33. The Reconquista • Christian Kingdoms eventually regained power and started taking over Muslim areas • European countries were mostly Christian: Jewish and Muslim religions not accepted • Started to retake the land (called Reconquista) • Conquistadors (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella) rid Spain of Moorish (Muslim) control in 1492

34. Rise to Power • 1497 Isabella and Ferdinand married and created a great alliance • Increased their power and decreased the Spanish parliament’s power • Imposed new taxes • Started the Spanish Inquisition • Were in control of the Church

35. Issues • Gave them lots of power • Life for peasants was still poor • Merchant class had more power but was taxed heavily • Aristocrats would not do manual labour or work because they thought they were superior

36. http://mapas.owje.com/maps/11018_the-reconquista-of-the-iberian-peninsula-790-1300.htmlhttp://mapas.owje.com/maps/11018_the-reconquista-of-the-iberian-peninsula-790-1300.html

37. http://carlyandbriana2013.blogspot.ca/ http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Isabella_of_Castile http://www.photographersdirect.com/buyers/stockphoto.asp?imageid=494869

38. The Spanish Inquisition • Wanted to unite Spain under one religion – Catholic • Developed a system of courts ran by Church officials • Believers of non-Catholic faiths were put on trial • Convert or be exiled

39. http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/spanish-inquisition.htmhttp://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/spanish-inquisition.htm

40. http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/history/world/wh0008.htmlhttp://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/history/world/wh0008.html

41. http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2010/02/08/196102/no-one-expects-the-spanish-inquisition/http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2010/02/08/196102/no-one-expects-the-spanish-inquisition/

42. Jews and Muslims • Many decided to leave • Some pretended to convert • Lived in constant fear that they would be discovered and punished

43. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uprjmoSMJ-o http://poeticstanziel.blogspot.ca/2011/11/spanish-inquisition.html

44. Consequences • The educated middle class people left • Many people were financiers and business people • Spain was not able to maintain their economic growth • Spain now has a population of 94% Catholic people and 6% other religions

45. Religious Duty • Muslims were leaving Spain, but wherever they went, they converted people • Ferdinand and Isabella thought this was a threat to Catholicism • Duty to convert as many people as possible • Became part of the Spanish worldview

46. Desire to Explore • The Spanish wanted to explore now • Had religious, economic, and political motives for wanting to expand • Went into the western Mediterranean and west across the Atlantic

47. http://radhikaranjanmarxist.blogspot.ca/2010/12/european-colonial-empires-contd-1.htmlhttp://radhikaranjanmarxist.blogspot.ca/2010/12/european-colonial-empires-contd-1.html

48. Exploration • A man by the name of Columbus said that he would go out and convert millions of people to Catholicism • Became first explorer to start bringing missionaries • Spain ended up becoming the most powerful and wealthy country in Europe controlling areas in the Caribbean, Americas, Asia, and Africa • Spain was greatly influenced by the Moors (Muslims)

49. Who influenced the Aztecs… The past influences the future. http://pz-c-5.blogspot.ca/2012/04/aztec.html

50. The Toltec http://www.cancungreatvacations.com/tours-attractions/chichenitza-excursion.php • Had the greatest impact on the Aztecs • Were seen as a refined civilization • Used their architecture