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Chapter 2 . Native Americans. Ancestors ~ early family members Theory says that there was a land bridge between Asia and North America that allowed people to travel here Native American’s theory states they have always been in America. Lesson 1 Early People. Early Ways of Life.
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Chapter 2 Native Americans
Ancestors ~ early family members Theory says that there was a land bridge between Asia and North America that allowed people to travel here Native American’s theory states they have always been in America Lesson 1 Early People
Early Ways of Life • The people were nomadic ~ followed the animals they hunted • They used all the parts of the animals • When mammoths & mastodons died out they began planting crops • Stayed in one location and began forming tribes
Olmec Civilization • Created writing, counting, & 365 day calendar • Powerful civilization ~ group of people ~ and eventually died out but not sure what happened. • Civilization was built in southern Mexico along a river for trading • Mother culture ~ traditions were passed on • Created stone heads of their rulers
Mayan Civilization • Divided into social classes ~ religious leaders, families, farmers ect. • Counting system including 0 & writing system ~ hieroglyphs ~ pictures • Built over 100 stone cities • Civilization ended due to drought
Mound Builders • Built mounds as homes & for burials • Strong trade system • Ancient Puebloans • Settled at 4 corners in US • Homes built on canyon wall or in caves & had many levels • Homes called pueblo ~ village
Eastern Woodlands • Hunters, gathers and farmers • Division of Labor ~ men cleared land ~ women did planting and housework • Trees were resource to make canoes, shelters and tools
Iroquois • Palisades ~ tall wooden fences used for protection against enemy • Longhouses held 50 people • Peacemaker that formed a confederation ~ loose group of govt. ~ among the five tribes because of the fighting over land • Planted 3 sisters ~ corn, bean & squash
Algonquian • Lived in wigwam or longhouses • Customs to marry ~ show good hunter or a good housewife • Fishing was important ~ built canoes and didn’t rely on others for food • 2 chiefs ~ one for peace & one for war
The Plains Indians • Buffalo were a main resource ~ they used every thing (meat,hide,hooves) for food, weapons, & clothing • Traded crops and other goods with tribes • Grew beans, corn, & sunflowers • Lived in lodges or sod houses ~ housed 20-40 people
Plains Indians • Wood was scarce in the great plains • Travois ~ 2 sticks hooked together with buffalo hide ~ was used to carry goods behind dogs • Lived in tepees because they were nomadic ~ move often • Council of chiefs and no one was more important than another • Ceremonies ~ naming child, marriage, prepare for hunt
Southwest • Lived in pueblos or cliffs • Hopi & Zuni • Planted corn, beans, & squash ~3 sisters • Homes made of adobe ~ sun dried bricks • Traded resources • Held ceremonies to honor gods and a chief was their religious leader ~ made laws & punishment
Navajo • Lived in hogans ~ cone shaped wooden frame covered in mud or adobe~ lived miles apart • Traded resources • Medicine men to heal • Each group had own religious leader
Western Groups • Shoshone, Nez Perce, & Chumash lived along Pacific Ocean • Fishing main resource • Traders~ set up trade networks
Northwest & Arctic • Canoes were a dugout tree that could hold 60 people. • Whales were main resource of food & salmon • Used fat to make oil • 3 tribes ~ all used different hunting methods • Lived in longhouses with all clan members ~ grandparents, aunts, uncles & children • Used totem poles to tell stories and welcome others
Northwest & Arctic • Wood was a main resource • Traveled long distances to trade • Trading took place but difficult because of all the different lang., but learned to barter or trade anyways • Potlatch was a celebration that shared the wealth
Arctic • Lived in tents, sod houses or igloos • Hunted seals using a kayak & foxes, caribou and polar bears • Nothing was wasted because resources limited
Test Review • Land bridge? • Who created the counting system with 0? • Why did people settle into villages? • What is migration, artifact, ceremony, division of labor, economy, culture? • What was the purpose of the Iroquois League? • How did they group Iroquoian or Algonquian people?
Test Review • Plains main resource? • Northwest Coast & Eastern Woodlands main resource? • Why did Arctic families stick together? Essay Why were trees more important to the Northwest Coast & Eastern Woodlands than the Plains?
Test Review • Essay • What resources were important to Northwest Coast and how did it help economy? • Features common in most civilizations? Unique? • How did Arctic learn to adapt shelters and resources? • Natural resources used to build tepees, longhouses, and pueblos?
