Week 09A – Human Resources and Job Design (Chapter 10)

1. Week 09A – Human Resources and Job Design (Chapter 10) HR Strategy, Evolution of concepts, Motivation, Compensation, Job design SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

2. Jobs, Tasks, and Elements • Job: set of all tasks performed by a worker • Task: activities consisting of one or more elements • Element: basic act of work which can’t be broken down further SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

3. Scientific Management • Frederick W.Taylor(1856-1915) Frederick W. Taylor: wikipedia • Industrial engineer • “Father of Scientific Management” • Published ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement in 1911 • AMSE President, 1906-1907 • 4 principles • Scientifically study tasks • Scientifically select, train and develop employees • Develop detailed instructions and instruct workers • Divide work: managers plan and workers perform simple tasks • Time study SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

4. Mass Production & Henry Ford: wikipediaStandardization • Henry Ford: Ford Motor Company • Standardization (interchangeable parts) • Moving assembly line • Reduction of assembly time (12 hrs. > 3 hrs.) • High pay • Mind-numbing work SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

5. Human Relations Concept and Motivation (1920-1980) • EltonMayo(1880-1949) • Hawthorne studies • Abraham Maslow(1908-1970) • Hierarchy of needs • Douglas McGregor(1906-1964) • Theory X and Theory Y • Frederick Hertzberg(1923-2000) • Job enrichment • Motivator-Hygiene Theory • William Ouchi (1943- ) • Theory Z (based on Deming) SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

6. Contemporary Movements (1) • Specialists vs. generalists • Labor advantages and disadvantages • Management advantages and disadvantages • Cross training • Learning more than one job • Job rotation • Training on multiple jobs; more experience • Involves plan/schedule SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

7. Contemporary Movements (2) • Job enlargement • More things to do, same skill level • Job enrichment • Greater skill level and responsibility • Vertical or horizontal • Empowerment • Enablement • Self-directed/managed teams SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

8. Self-directed teams Increasing reliance on employee’s contribution and increasing responsibility accepted by employee Empowerment Enrichment Enlargement Specialization Job expansion Source: Heizer & RenderJob Design Continuum Figure 10.3 SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

9. HR Strategy • Objective: design jobs so that work can be performed effectively and efficiently • Seek to • Effectively use people while considering other constraints • Provide for reasonable quality of work life SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

10. Process strategy • Technology • Machinery and equipment used • Safety Product strategy • Skills needed • Talents needed • Materials used • Safety Procedure What Schedules • Time of day • Time of year (seasonal) • Stability of schedule Individual differences • Strength and fatigue • Information processing and response HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGY When Who Location strategy • Climate • Temperature • Noise • Light • Air quality Layout strategy • Fixed position • Process • Assembly line • Work cell • Product How Where Source: Heizer & RenderConstraints on Human Resource Strategy SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

11. Work Schedules • Standard work schedule • 5 days, 8 hour per day • Flex Time • Employees determine own hours, withinlimits • Flexible work week • Example: 4 days, 10 hours per day • Temporary or part time • Job sharing and telecommuting ideas SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

12. Job Classification • Group jobs by similar skill, experience, etc. • Used for pay administration • Ranking across departments and functions • May promote competition instead of cooperation • May impact assignment flexibility SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

13. Motivation & Incentives • Pay (increases) • Bonuses (cash, stock options) • Profit sharing (participate in profits) • Gain sharing (reward for improvements) • Incentive plans SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

14. Compensation • What’s fair? • Everyone paid the same • By amount of time worked (hours) • By job content (job classification / ranking) • By output (quantity) • By knowledge (education, experience) • By supply and demand • By demonstrated skills SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

15. Other Considerations • Ergonomics • Special needs • Operating environment • Physical, sociological, and psychological factors • Fairness, equity, and ethics SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

16. Job Design: Methods Analysis • External or internal initiation • Process (much like Shewhart/Deming cycle) • Select operation • Document current methods • Analyze the job; use tools like flow process chart • Propose & get approval of improved methods • Implement new methods • Review results SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

17. Methods Analysis Tools • Flow charts or diagrams • Process charts • Activity charts • Operation charts • Workplace tools • Displays, pictures, graphics • Storage devices, color coding, visual signals SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

18. Other Topics • Diversity • Equal opportunity • Affirmative action • Demographic changes • Education levels • Safety and health issues SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley

19. What Does HR Do? • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ SJSU Bus 140 - David Bentley