Atoms colder than outer space: How and why?

1. Atoms colder than outer space: How and why? Graham Bruce QuantumSoc Seminar Wednesday, 27th October 2010 Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

2. Fermions protons neutrons electrons Bosons photons even combinations of fermions Bosons and Fermions • Depending on its spin angular momentum (an intrinsic property), each particle can be labelled “Boson” or “Fermion” Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

3. Divergent Multiple frequencies Incoherent Directional Monochromatic Coherent Bose-Einstein Condensation Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

4. How Cold is Ultracold? 273 K 373 K 77 K 4 K 2 K JILA 100 mK 300 nK Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

5. How do you use a laser to cool something? This cools atoms to hundreds of microKelvin Comparable to slowing a fire engine with a cricket ball Laser Cooling Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

6. Evaporative Cooling • Hundreds of microKelvin is cold, but not cold enough! • This allows us to reach hundreds of nanoKelvin, and the onset of quantum effects Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

7. Matter Waves MIT Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

8. Superfluidity Effects MIT Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

9. The Atomic Toolbox Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

10. A Model System Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

11. Quantum Computer • Data Register • Entanglement: break Moore’s law Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

12. Advertisement MPhys projects (Theory and Experiment) available for this year PhD Opportunities for next academic year Email dc43 Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce

13. St Andrews Cold Atoms www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~qmgas Cold Atoms – Graham Bruce