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Jupiter / Europa Mission Scenarios

Jupiter / Europa Mission Scenarios. Mission Scenario Elements. Launcher options : Ariane 5 ECA direct injection into escape trajectory or Soyuz-Fregat 2.1b High Elliptical Orbit injection (from Kourou) Transfer trajectory : Launch opportunities around 2020 (2015-2025)

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Jupiter / Europa Mission Scenarios

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  1. Jupiter / Europa Mission Scenarios

  2. Mission Scenario Elements • Launcher options : • Ariane 5 ECA direct injection into escape trajectory • or Soyuz-Fregat 2.1b High Elliptical Orbit injection (from Kourou) • Transfer trajectory : • Launch opportunities around 2020 (2015-2025) • Solar Electric Propulsion not favoured (higher mission costs / risks) • Indirect trajectories via Venus / Earth gravity assists (transfer duration ~6 years) • Spacecraft options to fulfil all four science themes : • One or two jovian orbiters (quasi-conventional technology) • Europa orbiter option (techno issues: radiation hardening, power generation) • Atmospheric probe option (200-300kg) • Europa passive impactor option ? (but no lander at this first stage) • Orbit options (from current studies) : • Equatorial orbit with Europa resonance effect for Europa orbiter relay • Jovian magnetosphere equatorial (preferred) or polar orbit (e.g. 15x70Rj) • Galileo-like Jovian equatorial tour for orbit acquisition with multiple moon fly-bys

  3. Candidate Mission Scenarios • Possible mission concepts : SOYUZ-FREGAT 1 Jovian orbiter (typ. 20kg payload) + 1 small passenger (atmospheric probe or Europa impactor) 1 Jovian orbiter (typ. 20kg payload) + 1 mini-sat Europa orbiter 1 Jovian orbiter (typ. 50kg payload) 2 Jovian orbiters (typ. 20kg payload each)  good science potential (themes 2, 3, 4)  reasonable mission costs (if identical spacecrafts)  no Europa orbiter  stringent payload mass constraints  good science potential (themes 2, 3, 4)  reasonable mission costs  no Europa orbiter  good science potential (themes 2, 3, 4)  no Europa orbiter  stringent payload mass constraints  high mission costs (if atmospheric probe)  good science potential (all themes)  high mission costs critical mass margin  technological risks for Europa orbiter • Opportunities for international cooperation • in all scenarios : payload instruments, spacecraft equipments • in scenarios with several vehicles : one vehicle can be provided by another agency

  4. Candidate Mission Scenarios ARIANE 5 ECA • Possible mission concepts (cont’d) : • A more powerful US launcher (e.g. Atlas V) could further increase the useful mass in Jupiter orbit 1 Jovian orbiter (typ. 50kg payload) + 1 large passenger (atmospheric probe or Europa impactor) 2 Jovian orbiters (typ. 50kg payload) 1 Jovian orbiter (typ. 50kg payload) + 1 medium Europa orbiter 1 single Europa orbiter  good science potential (all themes)  high mission costs  technological risks for Europa orbiter  good science potential (themes 2, 3, 4)  no Europa orbiter  high mission costs  good science potential (themes 2, 3, 4)  no Europa orbiter  high mission costs  good science potential (especially theme 1)  high mission costs  technological risks for Europa orbiter  no data relay possible

  5. Europa Orbiter : mission options • ESA Jupiter Minisat Explorer concept : • One carrier / relay spacecraft (JRS) and one compact Europa orbiter (JEO) on Soyuz-Fregat • JEO science TM relayed through JRS to reduce mass and power budgets of JEO • Latest updates in the study (DV budget & radiation re-assessment) exhibit critical mass margins, not compatible with current Soyuz-Fregat performance • Potentially compatible with an improved Soyuz-Fregat performance (+300kg predicted thanks to Kourou drop zones re-assessment) • Major European technology break-throughs required in power generation (solar concentrators or RTGs) and radhard avionics • Use of Ariane 5 could allow to mitigate technology efforts (more mass available for conventional solar arrays and more shielding against radiation), and enhance science payload mass allocation • NASA Europa Explorer : • Single Europa orbiter spacecraft (7 tons at launch), Atlas V launcher, science payload 180kg / 100W, mission cost >2G$ • 8 MMRTG, based on existing radhard avionics (~300krads) thanks to enough shielding • Why not a combined ESA – NASA mission in-between ?

  6. Europa Orbiter : mission options • Potential ESA - NASA mission (like Cassini-Huygens but roles inverted) : • ESA : mission prime, resp. for Ariane 5 and carrier / relay / equatorial science spacecraft based on conventional technology (compatible with 650M€ cost cap) • NASA : resp. for compact Europa orbiter (passenger separated after capture) • Potential for Japan cooperation : science instruments, small passenger ? DV budget < 1000m/s mass allocation typ. 1-1.5 tons US MMRTGs and radhard avionics NASA /JPL Europa orbiter ESA carrier spacecraft(equatorial scientific and relay mission) typ. 50kg for magnetospheric & remote sensing payload Rosetta-like solar arrays, affordable radhard avionics Ariane 5

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