Mainstreaming and Scaling-up Local Knowledge in Country Operations

1. Mainstreaming and Scaling-up Local Knowledge in Country Operations Purpose Contribute to improving quality of impact • Objective • Building on available local knowledge (K and otherwise) to • Increase ownership • Reduce overlap • Tap under-utilized resources • Possible Action • Select suitable projects • Involve specific contributors of local K • Identify capacity gaps • Formulate support activities

2. Integrating K: Bank’s role in scaling-up

3. Integrating K into development process Uganda • Local K Program supported and facilitated national workshop • 1999 Kampala Declaration on IK for sustainable development • IDF Grant supports capacity building • Integration of K into PRSP (PEAP) • Northern Uganda Social Action Fund • Build on local institutions in post-conflict areas • ARTP II Credit • K element of the Programme to Modernize Agriculture (PMA) • National Agricultural Advisory Services Program • Develop farmer-driven impact indicators

4. MASAF AM June 2002 (Excerpts): • The GoM acknowledges the relevance of knowledge . The University of Malawi has started a program on integrating local K in the development process; a number of studies were carried out in relation to indigenous knowledge in traditional medicine and agriculture. In 2001, the University has conducted a national workshop to promote the utilization of local K. • So far, MASAF has not yet systematically explored the possibility of utilizing local K in its projects. •  Indigenous knowledge will play a greater role in the implementation of MASAF III. Utilizing local K can help MASAF to empower communities through valuation of their knowledge, assist MASAF in the IEC by building on traditional means of communication, or to better target activities. • For example, customary law and practices could be instrumental to targetland allocation activities. Activities related to food security and nutrition can build on the development of underutilized, indigenous crops and their processing, to better prepare for food emergencies. •  In order to fully utilize the potential of local K the authorities and the mission agreed that MASAF would produce a resource kit on how to integrate local K into MASAF. The kit will benefit practitioners, trainers, planners, implementers and local authorities, as a resource for learning, training, information on best practices, and pointers to actors engaged in similar activities. • The learning part of the kit will build primarily upon experience gained during the implementation of MASAF, complemented by relevant external knowledge. It is recommended that selected local K practices for the use by communities are identified and procedural, organizational and institutional arrangements are proposed (to be included in a handbook) that will ensure the screening of available local K for community supported projects.

5. Health:Integrating K into sector operations • Recognition of medicinal plants • 1995 RD acknowledges role of medicinal plants in conservation and BD • Technical Paper 355 Medicinal Plants as Global Heritage • 1998 Presentation to EDs • Integration: Project (components) Ethiopia/ Ghana/ Jordan • 2001 K Mainstreaming support; IK Notes summarizes approach • Health Strategy of Bank Acknowledges role of TM • 2003 Strategy paper recognizes contribution to primary health care • Multidisciplinary approach to meet primary health needs • 2004 Proposed cooperation between Health, Rural Development, Environment and Private Sector Departments

6. Activities in MASAF/ NUSAF/ TASAF • MASAF • Ongoing: Preparation of local K toolkit for communities (jointly with MASAF) • 2004 Study available local K of women/ communities on I health care • 2003 C2C with Kenya • 2002/ 2004 Learning exchange with SA on microfinance, local K, social capital transformation • 2000 Peer-to-peer exchange with planners of Nigerian CPRP • NUSAF • Specific approaches as per project plan build on traditional conflict resolution methods (targeting elders, supporting customary institutions etc.) • TASAF • Ongoing: Preparation of local K toolkit for communities (jointly with MASAF) • Ongoing: Study of intangible benefits of TASAF for communities and LG • 2002/ 2004 Learning exchange with SA on microfinance, local K, social capital transformation

7. Integrating K in the Project Cycle Preparation Identification of and tapping into local K Resources relevant to the project Civil society organizations; ongoing projects, other stake holders etc. Possible actions vary from consultation through contracting to capacity strengthening as specific components of projects; agreement on results indicators; involvements of customary institutions Implementation Relationship with local K specific stakeholders as advisors, contractors, partners or implementing agencies or as beneficiaries of specific project measures; assign specific tasks to knowledgeable experts Supervision/ Evaluation Local K specific stakeholders can help to determine and measure impact indicators, (PIM) ; documentation of results; sharing of lessons learned

8. Integrating K in Sectors (Examples) Health Traditional healers as part of the public health system; supporting traditional healers to form associations with the aim top advocate their cause, to establish standards of application, safety and efficacy; connection practitioners and researchers; collaborative arrangements between the formal and informal health care providers Food security Involving farmers as innovators and providers of knowledge; supporting farmer/ local K oriented agricultural research; expanding the use of underutilized traditional plants; promoting useful and cost effective post harvest and food preparation practices; promotion of “packages” composed of enhanced indigenous practices; Governance/ CDD Building on available traditional structures to enhance transparency and accountability; strengthening traditional institutions and leveraging global knowledge to enable them becoming equal partners in the local development discourse

9. Integrating K: Action Items (Examples) Policy Developing legal frameworks for the recognition and regulation of traditional/ indigenous practitioners ; developing legal frameworks for protecting the interests of the local K developers in communities Sectoral Documentation/ Dissemination of specific practices; developing IK related research agenda and education curricula; establishment of standards; promotion of successful local K based practices etc. Communication Building on traditional communication modes, structures, communicators (Griots) and methods to share and spread information across communities; community to community exchanges, etc. Governance Building on/ strengthening the impact of local values and behaviors as .promoters of attitude change etc.

10. Integrating K: Caveats Focus The mainstreaming of indigenous knowledge should be considered a means to a specific end (= poverty reduction, improvement of health care, rather than a separate undertaking aimed only at the application of local K); likewise, no “missionaries” for the local K case should be too closely involved, as they tend to have only a single concern (environment, traditional healers etc.) Context Each project, community, intermediary is different, hence no 1-on-1 transfer etc; support local adaptation strategies Access to Local K Building on local K requires knowledge about it; as of today, much of local K resides in the communities; joint sharing/ documentation approaches needed. Governance Building on/ strengthening the impact of local values and behaviors as promoters of attitude change and demand for transparency and accountability from below could be perceived as political interference.