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ZERO-EMISSION ENERGY PLANTS

ZERO-EMISSION ENERGY PLANTS. Dr. Robert ‘Bob’ Wright Senior Program Manager Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen and Clean Coal Fuels Office of Fossil Energy U. S. Department of Energy Washington, DC The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference Global Energy Management Institute

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ZERO-EMISSION ENERGY PLANTS

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  1. ZERO-EMISSION ENERGY PLANTS Dr. Robert ‘Bob’ Wright Senior Program Manager Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen and Clean Coal Fuels Office of Fossil Energy U. S. Department of Energy Washington, DC The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference Global Energy Management Institute University of Houston Houston, Texas 18 November 2004

  2. +39% (1.5% pa) 200298 Quads Fossil fuels provide 87.2% of energy Fossil fuels provide 85.6% of energy America Depends on Fossil Energy 2025136 Quads AEO 2004: Table A1 WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  3. Contaminant Emissions Down U.S. Power Plants Coal Use Electricity Generation Index: 1970 = 1 Natural Gas Use Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Particulate Matter Year EPA, National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1999 (March 2001) DOE, EIA Annual Energy Review WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  4. CO2 Concentration On The Rise From ~280 ppm to 370 ppm over the last 100 years WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  5. Coal-Fired Power Plants Produce 1/3 of CO2 CO2 from Combustion in U. S. Natural Gas Petroleum Coal Relative Contribution by Fuel Type Tg CO2 Eq. Residential Industrial Electric U.S. Territories Commercial Transportation Table 2-3, EPA 430-R-03-004, April 2003 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2001 WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  6. Transportation Biomass Biomass Biomass Hydro Hydro Hydro Wind Wind Wind Solar Solar Solar Industry Nuclear Nuclear H2 Oil Oil n o i Power Generation t a r t Coal Coal s e u q e Natural Natural S Gas Gas The Case for Hydrogen Energy SecurityResponseDIVERSE DOMESTIC RESOURCES Environment ResponseZERO/NEAR ZERO GHGand other EMISSIONS WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  7. Why Hydrogen From Coal? • U.S. reserves are huge • 250 year supply • H2 can be produced cleanly • H2 from coal is economical • Carbon capture and storage addresses climate change • Diversifies the source of H2 • Provides the bridge to production of H2 from renewable sources and nuclear Fossil Energy Reserves1 Quads 1 -- Proved oil and gas reserves, and recoverable coal reserves WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  8. FutureGen • Nearly $1 billion (U.S.) , 10-year demonstration project to create the world’s first coal-based, zero-emission electricity and hydrogen plant • Test new technologies • Nominal 275-MWe • 1 million tonnes CO2 per year • Sequester the CO2 • Produce H2 WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  9. Platform for Emerging Technologies Fuel Cells Carbon Sequestration FutureGen System Integration Gasification with Cleanup and Separation Optimized Turbines H2 Production WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  10. “Traditional” IGCC Coal Sulfur Central Power Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Syngas H2 / CO Coal Gasifier Gas Cleanup O2 O2 Plant WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  11. Sulfur Coal H2 / CO Gas Cleanup and Separation Central Power H2 Turbine Combined Cycle H2 Coal Gasifier Shift H2 / CO2 O2 CO2 Transportation Fuel Cells IC Engine O2 Plant GeologicSequestration Distributed Power Fuel Cells IGCC in FutureGen WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  12. CO2 Storage WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  13. Geo-Sequestration Advantages • May be only option that removes enough carbon tostabilize CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere • Only approach that doesn’t require countries to overhaul their energy infrastructures—continue to use fossil fuels • May prove to be the lowestcost carbon managementoption Carbon Management Paths • Switch to low- & no-carbon fuels Renewables, Nuclear, Natural Gas • Increase energy efficiency Demand Side & Supply Side • Sequester carbon Terrestrial Geologic WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  14. Worldwide Storage Capacity 200,000 Range of Potential Capacity Capacity (Gtc) 6.5 Gtc Deep Ocean Deep Saline Formations Depleted Oil & Gas Reservoirs Coal Seams Terrestrial Annual World Emissions Storage Options: IEA Technical Review (TR4), March 23, 2004 / Carbon Capture & Sequestration Program @MITWorld Emissions: / DOE-EIA, International Energy Outlook 2003, Table A10 WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  15. Reference Case Reduction incarbon intensity (environmental incentives) Creation of materially new energy sectors (economic growth incentives) Adapting to Climate Change Emissions Target 1990 2015 2040 2100 Chris Mottershead, British Petroleum WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  16. 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Stabilization Wedges1 Wedge = 1 Gtc Fossil Fuel Emissions(Gtc/yr) Continued Fossil Fuel Emissions 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Stabilization • Stabilization of atmospheric concentrations of CO2 in 2050 requires a new zero emissions energy sector almost equal in size to the current primary S. Pacala, R. Socolow, Presentation, May 4, 2004 WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  17. What is Scale of 1 Gtc Wedge? WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

  18. Thank You • R. Patrich of SaskPower • “We are moving into a carbon-managed world, not a carbon constrained world.” • Web sites • www.fe.doe.gov • www.netl.doe.gov • www.netl.doe.gov/coalpower/sequestration • Email addresses • robert.wright@hq.doe.gov • lowell.miller@hq.doe.gov WRIGHT / Zero-Emission Energy Plants / The Energy Advancement Leadership Conference / Houston, Texas / 18 November 2004

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