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The Battle of Hastings 1066

The Battle of Hastings 1066. Background of England. The Romans Julius Caesar invades Britannia 55-54 BC The Saxons Departure of Romans in A.D. 410 Saxons, Angles, and Jutes Britain became England The Vikings Invasion begins in the 9 th Century. Background of Normandy. The Romans

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The Battle of Hastings 1066

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  1. The Battle of Hastings 1066

  2. Background of England • The Romans • Julius Caesar invades Britannia 55-54 BC • The Saxons • Departure of Romans in A.D. 410 • Saxons, Angles, and Jutes • Britain became England • The Vikings • Invasion begins in the 9th Century

  3. Background of Normandy • The Romans • The Franks • The Vikings • The Duchy of Normandy

  4. Why the battle happened? • King Ethelred the Unready(978) • Married Emma (1007) • Alfred, Edward, and Goodwife • King Canute (1016) • Also King of Denmark • King Hardecante (1035) • Alfred murdered (1036) • Edward became Heir • King Hardecante died (1042) • The Godwins • Godwin • Edith married Edward (1045) • Eustace involved in a fracas (1051) • Edward ordered the town be burned • Godwin refused • William the Duke of Normandy • Godwin returned • Harold Godwinson became King Harold II (1066)

  5. Significance • William the Conqueror was the first to completely take over Britain • Dramatically altered the history of Europe • Demonstrates a successful Amphibious Operation

  6. Leaders King Harold II William I Began fighting battles at the age of 19 Secured Normandy in 1047 after The Battle of Val-ès-Dunes • Defeated the Wales in a series of campaigns (1062-63)

  7. Comparing Forces English Normans 700 ships 7500 Infantry Battleaxe or Lance Kite Shield 3600 Knights Battleaxe, Spear, and Sword Kite Shield 1000 Archers 100 yard range • 6000 Fyrd • 40 day militea • Farming tools • Kite shields • 1200 Housecarls • Bill and Spears • Kite Shields • Possibly a few archers • No Cavalry

  8. Norwegian Invasion • September 1066 • HaraldHardrada • TostigGodwinson • Ended 25 September

  9. Norman Invasion • 28 September – Landed near Pevensey • Harold rushed south • William set up camp overlooking Hasting • 13 October Harold lead his troop to Senlac Hill 7 miles NW of Hastings • William went on the defense

  10. 14 October 1066

  11. The Aftermath • No statistics • Reinforcement arrived • Marched to London • Saxon delegation surrender to William in Berkhamstead • William was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, 1066 • Later defeated the Scots and Welsh

  12. Levels of War King Harold II William the Conqueror Policy Conquer England Strategic Take London Operational Land forces at Pevensey Tactical Offensive/Defense • Policy • Protect England • Strategic • Destroy Enemy • Operational • Senlac Hill • Tactical • Ambush

  13. Themes of Amphibious Operations • The Landing Itself Is Rarely the Key Problem • The Amphibious Invasion Is a Means to an End, Not an End in Itself • The Influence of Terrain and Geography

  14. Offensive Fundamentals Good Bad Achieve surprise Seize or control key terrain • Orient on the enemy • Gain and maintain contact • Develop the situation • Concentrate superior firepower at the decisive time and place • Exploit known enemy weaknesses • Gain and retain the initiative • Neutralize the enemy’s ability to react • Advance by fire and maneuver • Maintain momentum. • Act quickly • Exploit success • Be flexible • Be aggressive • Provide for the security of the force

  15. Questions

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