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Chapter 55

Chapter 55. Conservation Biology. Biodiversity crisis. Extinction ~ natural phenomenon, however, rate is of concern….. 50% loss of species when 90% of habitat is lost Major Threats:

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Chapter 55

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  1. Chapter 55 • Conservation Biology

  2. Biodiversity crisis • Extinction~ natural phenomenon, however, rate is of concern….. • 50% loss of species when 90% of habitat is lost • Major Threats: • Habitat destruction~ single greatest threat; cause of 73% of species designation as extinct, endangered, vulnerable, rare; 93% of coral reefs • Competition by exotic (non-native) species ~ cause of 68% of species designation as extinct, endangered, vulnerable, rare; travel • Overexploitation~ commercial harvest or sport fishing; illegal trade

  3. Biodiversity: Human welfare • 25% of all medical prescriptions • Genetic variability • Aesthetic and ethical reasons • Species survival

  4. Conservation biology focus • Preservationism: setting side select areas as natural and underdeveloped • Resource conservation: public lands to meet the needs of agriculture and extractive industries, i.e., ”multiple use” • Evolutionary / ecological view: natural systems result from millions of years of evolution and ecosystem processes are necessary to maintain the biosphere

  5. Geographic distribution of biodiversity • Energy availability~ solar radiation • Habitat heterogeneity ~ environmental patchiness • Niche specialization~ narrow resource range specialization • Population interactions~ complex population interactions

  6. Population & species level conservation • Biodiversity hot spot: small area with an exceptional concentration of species • Endemic species: species found nowhere else • Endangered species: organism “in danger of extinction” • Threatened species: likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future • Bioremediation: use of living organisms to detoxify polluted systems

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