1 / 11

Chapter 55 Ecosystems

Chapter 55 Ecosystems. Relationships, I. Trophic structure/levels - feeding relationships in an ecosystem Primary producers - the trophic level that supports all others; autotrophs Primary consumers - herbivores Secondary and tertiary consumers - carnivores

chelsey
Download Presentation

Chapter 55 Ecosystems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 55 Ecosystems

  2. Relationships, I • Trophic structure/levels - feeding relationships in an ecosystem • Primary producers - the trophic level that supports all others; autotrophs • Primary consumers - herbivores • Secondary and tertiary consumers - carnivores • Detrivores/detritus - special consumers that derive nutrition from non-living organic matter • Food chain - trophic level food pathway

  3. Relationships, II • Food webs- interconnected feeding relationship in an ecosystem

  4. Energy Flow, I • Primary productivity (amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs) • •Gross (GPP): total energy • •Net (NPP): represents the storage of energy available to consumers • •Rs: respiration • NPP = GPP - Rs • Biomass: primary productivity reflected as dry weight of organic material • Secondary productivity: the rate at which an ecosystem's consumers convert chemical energy of the food they eat into their own new biomass

  5. Energy Flow, II • Ecological efficiency: % of E transferred from one trophic level to the next (5-20%) 10% Rule • Pyramid of productivity: multiplicative loss of energy in trophic levels • Biomass pyramid: trophic representation of biomass in ecosystems • Pyramid of numbers: trophic representation of the number of organisms in an ecosystem

  6. Chemical Cycling • Biogeochemical cycles: the various nutrient circuits, which involve both abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem • Water • Carbon • Nitrogen • Phosphorus

  7. Water Cycle

  8. Carbon Cycle

  9. Nitrogen Cycle

  10. Phosphorous Cycle

  11. Human Impact • Biological magnification: trophic process in which retained substances become more concentrated at higher levels • Greenhouse effect: warming of planet due to atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide • Ozone depletion: effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) released into the atmosphere • Rainforest destruction • Cause: Overpopulation?

More Related