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1. Compare how trade transformed Classic Greek and Roman society.

1. Compare how trade transformed Classic Greek and Roman society. 2. Compare the evolution of political systems in classic Greece and Rome. 3. Compare gender roles in Classic Greece and Rome. they both _________________________________, however they

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1. Compare how trade transformed Classic Greek and Roman society.

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  1. 1. Compare how trade transformed Classic Greek and Roman society. 2. Compare the evolution of political systems in classic Greece and Rome. 3. Compare gender roles in Classic Greece and Rome. they both _________________________________, however they differ in terms of _____________________________. The reason for this difference is ___________________________. The evolution of political systems in Classic Greece and Rome is similar in in terms _________________________________. However because __________________ they differ in terms of ______________.

  2. C 11: Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase C 12: Cross Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads Kingdom of Rome: 8th C BCE – 509 BCE Roman Republic: 509 BCE – 49 BCE Punic Wars: 264-146 BCE Civil Wars: 87 BCE – 49 BCE Roman Empire: 49 BCE – 476 CE

  3. Punic Wars: 264 -146 BCE • 70,000 soldiers and 37 • elephants crossed the Alps • into Italy • Romans spread salt in Carthage • Rome eventually defeats • Carthage for control of • Mediterranean • Hannibal drinks poison • rather than be controlled by the • Romans (50,000 = slavery)

  4. Two Consuls: One military, one civil • Twelve Tables: 449 BCE • Innocent until proven guilty • Right to face accuser in court • Right for judges to set aside unfair verdicts

  5. Structure ofGovernment Consuls Senate • Chosen by the Senate • 2 chosen each year • Head of State – commanded army • Could become Dictator for 6 months in times of need • Veto (I forbid) power over Senate • Main lawmaking body • 300 Patricians appointed for life • Controlled foreign affairs • Selected Dictator Assembly Democracy Tribunes • Elected by the Plebeians • Approved Consuls • Later given power to pass laws • 2 to 10 Chosen by Plebeian Council • Could Veto actions of the Consuls and the Senate (For Adult White Male Citizens)

  6. Roman Law: The Twelve Tables • Finally in 450B.C. the laws were engraved on 12 bronze • tablets called the Twelve Tables. They were displayed • in the Forum, so all citizens could see their rights. • First written law code in Rome – written in 451 B.C.E. • All Free citizens had equal protection under the law. • Protected the rights of the Plebeians Marriages between plebeians and patricians are forbidden An obviously deformed child must be put to death. A person who admits to owing money or has been adjudged to owe money must be given 30 days to pay. If a father sells his son into slavery three times, the son shall be free of his father

  7. How did the Roman Republic treat conquered peoples? How did this change with the transformation to empire? Expansion of Republic w/ military threats and incentives: tax Incentives/ trade privileges/ promise of citizenship/ let them govern their own affairs/ couldn’t make a military alliance with anyone else/ had to provide soldiers and military support for the empire (Private armies??) Empire (Caesar): gave citizenship to provinces/ confiscated land from conservative aristocrats and gave to veterans and supporters/ eased the suffering of the poor Empire (Augustus): more centralized… Gracchi Bros?

  8. TEST: 100 points/ 40 Multiple Choice/ 20 matching C 10/11/12 on FRIDAY OCTOBER 25 Matching will come directly from the People/Terms from your Homework question sheets Comparative Essay (In class Blue Book): 75 points TUESDAY October 29 I will give you 4 questions to prepare. On test day, I will randomly choose one for you to write.

  9. Innovation: The Arch and the Dome Colosseum: 70-80 CE

  10. Roman Arch: Spain Corbel Arch: Mesoamerica

  11. Naumachia: simulated naval battles in the Colosseum Romans: heavy use of slave labor to sustain the empire: how does a heavy reliance on slave labor discourage technological innovation?

  12. Roman Baths Circus Maximus: Chariot race track 2000 ft long/ 400 ft wide: 27,000 spectators

  13. Roman Road: Pompeii At peak: Roman Roads = 54,000 miles Pantheon: temple of the gods Roman Milestone Roman Milestone

  14. S P I C E Patrician? Plebians? Consuls? Senate? (Effects?) Tribune? Dictator? Policies?

  15. S P I C E

  16. Collapse of the Gupta Empire: Internal Decay and External Pressures Internal Decay: Regional states? Buddhism/ Nalanda? Later rulers: Weak in character/ ineffective 320-550 CE External Pressures?: The White Huns

  17. Observance of caste duties could lead to salvation (Bhagavad Gita 300 CE) Women lost rights (no property, no ritual, no study of religion) (child marriage)

  18. Land divisions increased the power of the provincial officials Caste system remained very strong- undermined need for Centralized authority

  19. Collapse of the Roman Empire: Internal Decay and External Pressures Constantine r. 313-337 CE Internal Decay: • 26 Barracks Emperors • Epidemics • Disintegration of Imperial Economy • Regional Self Sufficiency favored • Great wealth in provinces encouraged • growth of cities there (infrastructure) • Rise of Christianity? Tetrarchs Diocletian r. 284-305 CE

  20. 330 CE: Constantinople the capital

  21. External Pressures: • Nature of barbarian relationship with Roman Empire during times of stability? • Visigoths sacked Rome 410CE • Attila the Hun (Died 453CE) • Germanic nomads • Establish Germanic Emperor in 476 CE (Odovacer) Germanic invasions and the fall of the Western Roman empire: 450-476 CE

  22. Effects? • Roman Empire survives another 1000 years as the Byzantine Empire • nomadic groups build successor states in the West • Christianity survives • Edict of Milan 313 CE? • Constantine’s Conversion • Council of Nicea 325 CE? (Consensus on doctrine) • Emperor Theodosius proclaimed Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire • pope as spiritual leader of church in the West

  23. Epidemics in the Han and Roman Empires

  24. Collapse of the Han Dynasty: Internal Decay and External Pressures Spread of Epidemic Disease Sets the Stage…… • Internal Decay: • Generals assume authority, reduce Emperor to puppet figure • Marriage alliances led to Conflict • Continued problem of land distribution • disease • Yellow Turban Uprising 184CE • 200 CE Han Dynasty abolished, replaced by 3 kingdoms External Pressures: • Immigration of northern nomads increases

  25. Collapse of the Han Dynasty: Internal Decay and External Pressures Effects? • sinicization of nomadic peoples (adoption of sedentary lifestyle, adoption of Chinese names, dress, intermarriage • rise in Buddhism and Daoism (Confucianism loses credibility: WHY?) • disintegration into 3 regional states

  26. C 12: Cross Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads Hellenistic era as stage for Silk Road Boom? Why safe to travel now during the Classic Era? Han/ Rome/ Khushan/ Parthians The Silk Road: 200 BCE – 300 CE

  27. Products?

  28. From East Asia: Ginger, cinnamon, silk From South Asia: Pepper, sesame oil From Central Asia: Horses, jade From South East Asia: Clove, nutmeg, mace From the Mediterranean: Glassware, jewelry, Textiles, pottery

  29. Effects of this Boom in Trade: • Economic activities become more sophisticated and productive • cultural exchange (art, language, religion)/ role of oasis towns • spread of Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity • Manichaeism (Best example of religious syncretism along Silk Road) • spread of disease weakened Han and Roman empires in particular • reduction in trade with collapse Manichaeism Elements of: Zoroastrianism (Zarathustra), Christianity (Jesus) and Buddhism (Buddha) Prophet Mani (216-272 CE): a prophet for all of humanity Dualism and cosmic struggle (strong rationale for presence of good and evil) Personal salvation Strong missionary component Ascetic lifestyle (no marriage, no sex, no alcohol) High ethical standards Manichaeism Priests (3rd – 7th CE)

  30. Spread of Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity: 200 BCE -400 CE

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