Improvement of TEPCO’s ALARA Process

1. Improvement of TEPCO’s ALARA Process Shiro TAKAHIRA Tokyo Electric Power CompanyRadiation Protection Group ISOE-ATCSymposium October12, 2006, Yuzawa, Niigata-pref., Japan

2. Contents • TEPCO situations • Exposure trends • ALARA activities • Improvement of Process • Objectives and Approach • Identifying gaps • Scope of Activities • Improved Process • Mid-/long-term dose target process • Outage dose target process

3. Profile - Location

4. TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants 17 BWRs including 2 ABWRs (total capacity 17,308MWe) - 28% of generation capacity - 33% of generated electricity (FY 2004)

5. TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants Commercial Capacity Type Unit OperationStart (MW) No.1 BWR-3 460 Mar.1971 No.2 BWR-4 784 Jul.1974 No.3 BWR-4 784 Mar.1976 Fukushima No.4 BWR-4 784 Oct.1978 Daiichi(1F) No.5 BWR-4 784 Apr.1978 No.6 BWR-5 1100 Oct.1979 No.1 BWR-5 1100 Apr.1982 No.2 BWR-5 1100 Feb.1984 Fukushima No.3 BWR-5 1100 Jun.1985 Daini(2F) No.4 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1987 No.1 BWR-5 1100 Sep.1985 No.2 BWR-5 1100 Sep.1990 No.3 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1993 Kashiwazaki No.4 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1994 Kariwa(KK) No.5 BWR-5 1100 Apr.1990 No.6 ABWR 1356 Nov.1996 No.7 ABWR 1356 Jun.1997

6. Person-Sv No. of Person Fukushima Daiichi NPS Fukushima Daini NPS Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPS Exposure Trends in TEPCO

7. TEPCO’S ALARA Activities • Radiation Field Control • Source term removal • Reduced corrosion products from feed water piping by injecting oxygen • Use of low-cobalt material • Use of weatherproof steel in component materials for feed water and condensate system • Dual condensate purification system • Flushing and Chemical Decon. • Shielding • Permanent shielding in PCV • Temporary shielding for high-radiation work • ALARA Management

8. Annual Collective Dose

9. Benchmarking

10. Objectives • Reshape ALARA Management by； • Reviewing ALARA management “As-Is” process • Identifying a gap between “As-Is” and “To-Be” process • Focusing on the interface between radiation protection and maintenance staff at work planning and post-outage steps Incorporating ALARA Considerations into Job More Efficiently and Effectively!

11. Approach • The project team “Dose Target Control Peer Team” organized • Team Members • Leader : Radiation Protection Manager(H/O) • Permanent Members : Radiation Protection, Radiation Safety, Chemistry staff from H/O , 1F, 2F, KK • Temporary Members: Maintenance staff from H/O,1F, 2F, KK

12. Identifying Gaps • Lack of mid- and long-term target • Lack of inter-group communication between RP and maintenance group • Little RP staff involvement of work planning and post-job performance review • Little chance to identify good practice and to propose dose reduction measures for job

13. Lack of Mid- / Long-term Target Vision Mid- and Long-term Dose Plan Expectations from the management (Division Director,Site President) • Projection of : • Each work dose • Outage dose • Annual dose

14. Lack of Interface Maintenance RP Long-term plan Annual dose plans Outage plan RWA Review / approval Review main work schedule Weak Relations Outage dose plan Review detailed work schedule Tracking dose Work management RWA report Post-outage follow-up Weak Relations Incorporation of lessons learned Outage report

15. Team Vision The Dose Target Control Peer Team facilitates the Maintenance Department and Radiation Control Department as they jointly define provisions to be implemented in each step of maintenance processes(planning, scheduling, work and evaluation), and communicate with each other to evaluate planned and actual figures in dose targets, thereby achieving dose reduction.

16. Scope of Activities Setting Mid- and Long-term Dose Target Process Setting Outage Dose Target Process Proposal for incorporating dose reduction measures Radiation Protection Management Basic Policy for Mid- and Long-term Exposure Reduction Planning Maintenance Process Follow-up Action Work Dose Target Plans for annual and Mid- /Long-term Exposure Reduction Check&Review Examining reflection items for the next outage Reviewing dose performance

17. Setting Mid- / Long-term Plans New process Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose plans Expectations output Expected performance Basic Policy input Vision of site dose performance The world’s top 25% Future schedule input Projected performance The world’s top AA% input Past performance The world’s top XX%

18. Basic Policy • Proposed by Radiation Protection & Management Group (head office) • Approval of director of nuclear power plant management department(head office) • Annually assess implementation results and determine the need for review Ex.)World BWR’s top quartile of exposure reduction performance

19. Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose Plans • Proposed by Radiation Safety Group (Site) • Approval of Site President • Annually review • Site president assesses “projected performance” by comparing with “expected performance”, and decides “vision of site dose performance”.

20. Interface between Maintenance and RP Maintenance RP Long-term plan Mid- /Long-term and annual dose plans Outage plan RP proposal Review main work schedule Involved in work schedule RWA Review / approval Review detailed work schedule Outage dose plan Work management Tracking dose Post-outage follow-up RWA report Incorporation of lessons learned Outage report

21. RP Proposal • Proposed dose reduction measures to maintenance team before outage contract • RP Proposal • Effecting long-term or short-term(outage) maintenance plans • For selected job (High radiation work) • Based on lessons learned at former outage

22. Involvement in Work Schedule • RP share information of detailed work schedule with maintenance team and contractors. • RP involvement • Suggestions for rearranging the work steps which achieve significant dose reduction. • Providing dose information of the same operation areas to maintenance team and contractors (Each job process optimally planned from the perspective of dose reduction).

23. Outage Report • Prepared by RP at post-outage follow-up step and report out to maintenance team • Including what maintenance team expect to know about outage jobs • Involving following information • Dose performance of selected jobs • Proposals for dose reduction measures that should be reflected to the next outage or other plants • Punch lists for the proposal.

24. Implementation Program • Mid- and long-term dose target process • Beyond FY 2007 • Identifying site goal(slogan and target value) • (ex.)World’s Top quartile at 20XX which means yearly 1 person-Sv per reactor • Draft document of basic policy and mid-/long-tern dose plan in this year Process performance evaluated after implementation

25. Implementation Program • Outage dose target process • Trial implementations this year • One or two plants of each stations for the trial • Selected a couple of high radiation jobs of each trial plants • Trial implementation identify validity of process and issues before the start of full implementation Process performance evaluated after trial implementation

26. Summary Expected effects of process improvement ; • Setting “targets” in the basic policy as well as mid/long-term and annual plans, will clarify the expectation of the management and the vision of exposure reduction. • RP can provide more suggestions or feedbacks to the maintenance personnel in the outage dose target process by enhancing communications, then ALARA activities goes more effectively and efficiently.