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Phylum Porifera

Phylum Porifera. Sponges Chapter 26.2. Phylum Porifera. General Characteristics Lives in a pineapple under the sea Absorbent, yellow, and porous (is he) Full of nautical nonsense. Just kidding…. Vocabulary. Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Cephalization Choanocyte Osculum

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Phylum Porifera Sponges Chapter 26.2

  2. Phylum Porifera • General Characteristics • Lives in a pineapple under the sea • Absorbent, yellow, and porous (is he) • Full of nautical nonsense

  3. Just kidding…

  4. Vocabulary Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Cephalization Choanocyte Osculum Spicule Archaeocyte Internal Fertilization Gemmule Larva

  5. Key Concepts Why are sponges classified as animals? What features do sponges share with other animals? How do sponges carry out essential functions?

  6. Phylum Porifera • Comes from the Latin words • porus meaning “pore” • fera meaning “to bear” • 3 Classes • Calcarea • Hexactinellida • Demospongia

  7. Phylum Porifera • Sponges • General Characteristics • All aquatic (generally marine) • Multicellular • No tissues or organs • Asymmetrical or radial symmetry • Filter feeders • Pore and water canal systems

  8. Phylum Porifera • Sponges • General Characteristics • Internal skeletons • Spicules or spongin • Central cavity and/or a series of branching chambers • Asexual and sexual reproduction • Sessile adult (attached to one spot) • Free-swimming larval stage

  9. Specialized Cells • Epithelial cells • Choanocytes (a.k.a Collar Cells) • Moves water through the sponge • Digests food or transfers to amoeboid cells • Amoeboid cells • Distribute food to other cells • Produce skeletal fibers • Produce reproductive cells

  10. Sponge Anatomy • Water enters through ostia • Out through larger hole – osculum • Food particles trapped by finger-like projections of the choanocytes

  11. Sponge Anatomy

  12. Form and Function • Have a simple skeleton made of spicules • Hard sponges have spicules are made by cells called archaeocytesthat move around inside the walls of the sponge • Soft sponges have an internal skeleton made of spongin, a network of flexible protein fibers. • These sponges are harvested for use as bath sponges

  13. Bath Sponge

  14. Filter Feeders • Filter feeders sift microscopic food particles from the water • Digestion is intracellular (takes place inside cells) • As water moves through the sponge, food particles are trapped and engulfed by choanocytes that line the body cavity. • These particles are then digested and passed on to the archaeocytes • Archaeocytes complete digestive process and transport digested food throughout the sponge

  15. Body Plans Asconoid – sponge is shaped like a simple tube with a single osculum Synconoid – sponge is shaped like a tube with thick walls that form a system of simple canals Leuconoid– many canals join to the central canal; most complex

  16. Sponge Reproduction • Asexual • By budding or gemmae production • Have ability to regenerate lost parts • Sexual • Hermaphroditic – functions as both male and female; produces both egg and sperm • Sequential hermaphroditism

  17. MEIOSIS Sperm from a sponge are released into the surrounding water. Water currents carry the sperm to other sponges. Haploid (N) Diploid (2N) New sponge Sperm (N) Mature sponge (2N) Egg (N) Swimming larva Larva (2N) The zygote develops into a free-swimming larva. Water currents carry the larva until it attaches to a surface and grows into a new sponge. Sperm enter another sponge through pores. The sperm are carried to eggs inside the body wall. Sperm fertilize eggs. FERTILIZATION

  18. Ecology • Have beneficial relationship (called commensalism) with bacteria, algae, and plantlike protists. • This relationship allows them to live in a variety of habitats. • Sponges containing photosynthetic organisms play an important role in coral reefs. • Sponges on the sea floor have spicules that focus sunlight and allow organisms living below the surface to carry out photosynthesis • Provide habitats for other organisms like shrimp, worms, snails and crabs.

  19. Uses for Sponges • Commercial uses • Sponges • Medicinal • Produce antimicrobial compounds • Produce anti-cancer agents • Other • Food and cover for other marine organisms

  20. Class Calcarea • Spicules made of calcium carbonate • All 3 body forms • Scypha/Grantia

  21. Class Hexactenillid • Glass Sponges • Skeleton with 4-6 pointed siliceous spicules • Venus Flower Basket

  22. Class Demospongia • Siliceous spicules or spongin • Natural body sponges • Leuconoid is the only body form

  23. Rope Sponges

  24. Ball Sponge

  25. Vase Sponge

  26. Sponge Quiz Why do we classify sponges as animals? List 3 characteristics of sponges? What are some uses of sponges? How do sponges reproduce (be specific)? How do sponges feed (the process)? What are some differences between the 3 classes of sponges? What is the osculum and ostia of a sponge? What is the difference between soft and hard sponges? What does Porifera mean?

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