Phylum Porifera

1. Phylum Porifera • no symmetry, tissues or organs • sessile (=attached) • filter feeders – have incurrent pores to allow food to enter • reproduce by budding • hermaphroditic

4. Phylum Cnidaria • jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones • tissues • 2 layers – ectoderm and endoderm • specialized stinging cells = nematocysts –barbs tipped w/ toxin • digestive sac with mouth (only one opening) • radial symmetry

5. Radial Symmetry in Cnidarians

6. Coral spawning

7. Stay Far Away!!!

8. Who has the Worst Sting? • Box Jelly or Sea Wasp: Causes respiratory failure. There are many (about 70) reported deaths in Australia per year. Wearing pantyhose has been shown to prevent the jelly from stinging

9. Moon Jelly Life Cycle Life cycle video

10. TERMS used to describe cephalized (with a head end) organisms: • Anterior • Posterior • Dorsal • Ventral

11. Phylum Platyhelminthes • primitive organs • acoelomates – tissue fills region between gut and body wall • bilateral symmetry • cephalized • 3 layers – endo- , ecto, and meso – derm • No circulatory system- • digestive cavity has one opening

12. Candy Striped flatworm

13. Phylum Nematoda • pseudocoelomates – false coelum • bilateral symmetry • separate sexes • mouth and anus =simplest animal with complete digestive system • nerve cord and nerve rings

15. Phylum Annelida • Name means ‘little rings’ • =Segmented worms • true coelum – mesoderm + body cavity lined w/ peritoneum and housing organs • 3 tissue layers – well defined systems • Cephalization – having forward end that encounters food/stimuli first

16. Segmented worms, earthworms, leaches

17. Phylum Mollusca • 2nd largest –60,000 species • Most abundant marine species • Classes include chitons, gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods • soft body

18. Mollusc Body Plan • 3 parts: • Head/foot – with sensory and motor organs • Visceral Mass – organs for digestion, excretion, reproduction • Mantle – hangs over visceral mass and secretes shell • bilateral symmetry • Coelomate • Large group during Cambrian explosion

19. Clam Spawning

20. Nudibranchs • Nudibranch feeding off of a Man-o-War and using the nemotocysts

22. Chitons

23. Octopus, Squid and Cuttlefish

24. Phylum Arthropoda • largest phylum ~ 1,000,000 species • hardened jointed exoskeletons of chitin • specialized appendages • segmented – head, thorax and abdomen • organ systems

26. 3 Classes/Subphyla of ArthropodsOver 90% of all Animals 3 classes: • Insects: - 3 prs of legs tracheal breathing tubes • Arachnids: - 4 prs of legs • Crustaceans – segmented bodies, gills, molting replaces exoskeleton: Includes lobsters, crayfish and shrimp

27. Asian seafood market =

28. Horseshoe Crab is not a true crab. Its not a horsehoe either Horseshoe babies

29. Phylum Echinodermata • marine coelomates • radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry mixed • water vascular system = network of hydraulic canals branching into tube feet. • Tube feet for locomotion, feeding and gas exchange • regeneration tubefeet

30. I thought evolved organisms were bilaterally symmetrical?? • Larval forms of echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical • Bipinnaria are planktonic

31. What’s a water vascular system?

32. Water Vascular System • Hydraulic system that functions in locomotion, feeding, and respiration • Water enters madreporite into ring canal • Each ring canal leads into each ray • Tube feet (thousands) have a sac like structure (ampullae) that are squeezed and create a suction

33. sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars

34. Phylum Chordata * Bilateral Symmetry * Most are vertebrates ( 47,000 species) Compared to 2,100 invertebrate chordates * Share embryonic similarities: *Notochord – dorsal rod supports body becomes backbone in most. *Nerve cord – runs parallel to notochord – becomes spinal cord and brain *Slits in pharynx ( Pharyngeal slits) *Embryos have tails that extends past anus

35. Chordates but not Vertebrates

36. Phylum ChordataClass Agnatha • Agnatha – jawless fishes (Hagfish, lamprey) Video clip

37. Phylum ChordataClass Chondrichthyes • Cartilaginous fish • Includes sharks and skates • No Bone – have cartilage for skeleton • Chondro = cartilage • Ichthyes = fish Octopus vs Shark

38. Phylum ChordataClass Osteichthyes • bony fish -Osteo = bone -ichthyes = fish

39. Phylum ChordataClass Amphibia • Made transition from water to land • Require water to lay eggs, and to keep skin moist for gas exchange • Frogs, toads, salamanders

41. Phylum ChordataClass Reptilia • Includes turtles, snakes, lizards, crocs, alligators • Have fully developed lungss and systems • Have AMNIOTE EGG – shelled so it can be laid on land!

42. Fringed Lizard, Alligator

43. Phylum ChordataClass Aves • Birds • hollow bones • Feathers for flight, insulation or both • Resemble reptiles in many ways

44. Phylum ChordataClass Mammalia • Hair • Mammary glands (milk-producing) feed young • divided into 3 groups Monotremes Marsupials Placentals

45. MonotremesDuck Billed Platypus and EchidnaEgg laying mammals

46. Marsupials • Live birth – worm-like • Develops in mother’s pouch

47. Placental Mammals • Placenta = spongy, blood-filled tissue of fetal and maternal tissues which delivers nutrients and oxygen to embryo and removes wastes