The End of Reconstruction & The Start of Jim Crow Laws

1. The End of Reconstruction & The Start of Jim Crow Laws Unit 3 USII 3b & 4c

2. Videos • Who was Jim Crow • http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/bf10_vid_whowasjim/ • Plessy v Fergusson • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search

3. The End of Reconstruction • Ended in 1877 because of a compromise over the outcome of the 1876 election. • People were tired of Grant-era corruption so political parties nominated candidates with a record of reform • Democrats- Tilden • Republicans-Hayes • Tilden won popular vote but was one vote short of the needed electoral votes

4. The End of Reconstruction • 4 states were undecided Oregon chose Hayes but Louisiana, South Carolina & Florida each sent two electoral votes to Washington one for each candidate. • This made the Federal government decide the election. • Electoral Commission established 7 Republicans from Congress , 7 Democrats from the Senate & 1 Republican Supreme Court Justice

5. The End of Reconstruction • Republicans WIN! Hayes is President • Democrats were mad! • Compromise reached to make Democrats happier • Hayes will serve only 1 terms (four years) • Democrats have say in cabinet appointments • RECONSTRUCTION ENDS IN THE SOUTH • Federal Troops removed from the South What does this mean for former Slaves?

6. Jim Crow Laws • Lasted from 1877 to 1960’s in the South and border states • Whites believed God supported racial segregation, Whites were the chosen people, & Blacks were supposed to be slaves

7. Jim Crow LawsRacial Segregation • Based on race (color of skin) • Directed primarily against African Americans but others were also segregated • American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924

8. Jim Crow Laws • Laws passed to discriminate against African Americans • Made discrimination legal in many communities and states • African Americans faced unequal opportunities in housing, work, education and government.

9. Jim Crow Laws • Black men could not shake hands with White men. • Blacks & Whites were not allowed to eat together • Black men could not light a cigarette for a White woman • Blacks could not show affection to one another in public • African-Americans separated from white people in public places: restaurants, schools, parks, store entrances, water fountains, bus stops, etc. • Black and White marriages were illegal

10. Jim Crow Laws • Blacks were introduced to Whites but never Whites introduced to Blacks • Blacks were called by their first name but Whites had to be addressed as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Sir, or Ma’am. • If a black person rode in a car with a White person they had to ride in the back seat or in the back of the truck • White motorists had the right of way at all intersections

11. Jim Crow Laws • African Americans allowed to vote IF: • They paid a high poll tax • Could pass a literacy test • Lynching was used to discouraged blacks from voting • Beatings and Cross burnings were also used to terrorize African Americans

12. African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws • Booker T. Washington • Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education (crafts & industrial skills) • He accepted social segregation • Born a slave • At 9 worked in salt furnace and coal mine • Attended Hampton Normal & Agricultural Institute in VA (black institution of higher learning) • Founded Tuskegee Institute • Encouraged blacks to give up the fight for equal rights and become educated.

13. African American Responses to Jim Crow Laws • W.E.B. DuBois • Believed in full political, civil and social rights for African Americans • Born a free man • Attended Fisk University (black institution of higher learning) • Formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Believed agitation and protests to get their rights

14. Compare and Contrast White Schools Black Schools

15. Student Activity • Complete a Venn Diagram on the following two men. • W.E.B. DuBois • Believed in full political, civil and social rights for African Americans • Born a free man • Attended Fisk University (black institution of higher learning) • Formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Believed agitation and protests to get their rights • Taught School • Attended school as a child • Booker T. Washington • Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education (crafts & industrial skills) • He accepted social segregation • Born a slave • At 9 worked in salt furnace and coal mine • Attended Hampton Normal & Agricultural Institute in VA (black institution of higher learning) • Taught school • Founded Tuskegee Institute • Encouraged blacks to give up the fight for equal rights and become educated.