Volumetric cylinder expansion measurement by weight Galiso Incorporated

1. Volumetric cylinder expansion measurement by weightGaliso Incorporated

2. History of volumetric cylinder expansion measurement by weight • Invented by Carl Grenci of Galiso Incorporated and patented in 1977 • Galiso Incorporated has delivered approximately 1000 cylinder test systems worldwide using weight scales to measure cylinder expansion. • Other test equipment manufactures have adopted weight scale measurement of cylinder expansion

3. Advantages of measuring cylinder expansion by weight • Eliminates operator interpretation of burette meniscus expansion reading • Eliminates fragile glass burette tubes and plumbing to multiple burette tubes. • Expansion reading is easily determined and communicated to operator or computer automation system

4. How expansion measurement by weight works • Based on 1:1 relationship of water weight in grams to water volume in cubic centimeters. • Uses a container with a siphon tube instead of an open top burette tube.

5. Basic diagrams of expansion measurement by weight Scale Load Cell

6. US DOT 49 CFR 180.205 cylinder expansion measuring requirements • The expansion – indicating device of the testing apparatus must also permit incremental reading of the cylinder expansion to 1% of the total expansion of each cylinder tested or 0.1cc, whichever is larger. Midpoint visual interpolation is permitted • The expansion-indicating device, as part of the retest apparatus, gives a stable reading of expansion and is accurate to +-1.0% of the total expansion of any cylinder tested or 0.1 cc, whichever is larger. The expansion-indicating device itself must have an accuracy of +-0.5%, or better, of its full scale.

7. CGA C1-2004 • Section 5.2.1.2.2 Lists the expansion measuring device requirements for Non-burette systems • The majority of non burette systems in operation use the weight expansion method

8. Accuracy Issues - Burette • Burette graduation marking accuracy • Line of sight operator error • Operator interpretation of meniscus error • Burette cylinder geometric consistency • Burette material thermal expansion

9. Practical accuracy considerations - Burette • Accuracy of burette geometry and graduation is rarely evaluated • Accuracy of operator burette readings is subjective

10. Accuracy Issues - Weight • Changes in water column height inside expansion container during test • Buoyancy of siphon tube • Changes in water density due to temperature • Accuracy of weight measuring device

11. Practical accuracy considerations - Weight • Effect of water column height change and buoyancy of siphon tube are easily checked by pouring a known quantity of water into the expansion measurement container when the device is open to the test jacket. • Water density changes with temperature can be easily corrected mathematically by the weight measuring device or control system. • Accuracy of weight measuring device is easily checked with reference weight

12. Water Density Temperature Examples

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