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Knowledge, Information Data

Input-process-output. Input incoming data that computers read Process the operation that turns data into information Output displayed or printed information, or perhaps sound. INPUT. PROCESS. OUTPUT. . . Data, Information

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Knowledge, Information Data

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    1. Knowledge, Information & Data AS Module 1 10.1 Heathcote Ch. 8

    2. Input-process-output Input – incoming data that computers read Process – the operation that turns data into information Output – displayed or printed information, or perhaps sound

    3. Data, Information & Knowledge Data the stream of raw facts representing events occurring in organisations Information data that has been processed into a useful form Knowledge Is concerned with how to do things, with causes and consequences In ICT terms it is concerned with the application of rules to information

    4. Knowledge Knowledge Workers Generally people in professions Specialised knowledge makes them ‘experts’ They create new products, or provide services, or make decisions: Based on formal and informal rules that they have learned through training and experience

    5. Knowledge 2 Knowledge-based systems (Expert Systems) Many rules are based on probabilities Computers can be programmed with subject ‘knowledge’ In the form of facts, rules and probabilities These ‘expert systems’ or ‘knowledge-based systems’ can be used to deliver advice to a user Typical uses are in medicine, oil exploration, finance and fault diagnosis

    6. Using a knowledge base There are many on-line knowledge bases A user will typically be asked to supply answers to a series of questions The program will then respond: Either with a course of action Or with a reduced set of possible answers Such systems exist for: Software help Medical help Selection of mortgage type and repayment amounts Etcetera

    7. Sources of data Data can be collected from many sources, either: directly - collected for a specific purpose For example, library or payroll Indirectly - derived from data originally collected for an entirely different purpose Information collected from credit card use Shopping patterns Used to target marketing campaigns

    8. Encoding information as data Encoded data may often only be meaningful when put into context by some process For example a string of numbers may represent payroll information Paynumber, date, start time, finish time, quantity picked Unless you know where one field starts and the other finishes the data would be meaningless Encoding information as data may also cause loss of precision, for example: Encode “behaviour” “ability” or eye colour on a scale of 1 to 10

    9. Quality of data To be useful, data must be: Accurate Up-to-date Complete How many web-sites can you be sure of in this respect?

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